同济医学院2011硕士英语考试试卷

English Test for Graduate Students (Jan. 2011)

Part I Word Parts (10%)

Directions: For each of the following items, choose the correct meaning and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. dystrophy A. no B. difficult C. absent D. easy 2. convalescent

A. like B. becoming C. leading to D. small 3. myoma A. fiber B. lymph vessel C. artery D. muscle 4. histotome

A. tissue B. processes C. sperm D. pleura 5. gastrectomy A. inflammation B. remove C. open D. close 6. intercostal A. chest B. rib C. lung D. trachea 7. proctosope

A. intestine B. bowel C. genital D. rectum 8. leukocytemia A. melano- B. erythro- C. albi- D. xantho- 9. cephalohematoma

A. urethra B. thymus C. skull D. head 10. endocrinology

A. hemoglobin B. intestine C. secretion D. pancreas

Part II Pronunciation (10%)

Directions: For each of the following items, choose the correct pronunciation and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 11. mediastinotomy

A. [??i:?????????????] B. [??????????????????]

C. [???????????????????] D. [mi?dai?sti'n?t?mi] 12. neurasthenia

A. [??????????????] B. [??????????????]

C. [???????????????] D. [????????????????] 13. philanthropic

A. ['fil?n'θr?pik] B. [fi'l?nθr?upik] C. [?fil?n'θr?upik] D. [?fil?n'θr?pik] 14. pathogenicity

A. [?peiθ?'d??nisiti] B. [?p?θ?d??'nisiti]

C. [p??θ???'naisiti] D. [?p?θ?'d???nisiti] 15. photosynthesis

A. [????????????????] B. [????????????????]

C. [?????????????:???] D. [???????????????:z] 16. celioscopy

A. [?si:li'?:sk?pi] B. [??i:li'?:sk?pi]

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C. [??i:li?'sk?pi] D. [?si:li?'sk?upi] 17. cardiogram

A. [???????????] B. [?ka?di??????]

C. [????????????] D. [????????????] 18. chromosome

A. ['kr?um?s?um] B. [?kr?u'm?us?m]

C. [kr?'m?us?um] D. [?kr?m?'s?um?] 19. hemophilia

A. [hi:m?'fili?] B. [he'm?ufili?] C. [he'm?fili?] D. [?hi:m?'f?li?] 20. oligohydramnios

A. [?????????????????????] B. [???????????????????]

C. [??????????????????] D. [???????????????????]

Part III Translation (10%)

Directions: For each of the following items, choose the correct translation and mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. 21. omni-

A. 周围 B. 全 C. 无处不在的 D. 预兆 22. oculo-

A. 胆 B. 耳 C. 鼻 D. 眼 23. thymo-

A. 血管 B. 腮腺 C. 胸 D. 颈 24. pyro-

A. 胚胎 B. 热 C. 角质 D. 膀胱 25. hypoglycemia

A. 高血脂 B. 血肿 C. 骨质疏松症 D. 低血糖症 26. lacto-

A. 快 B. 硬化 C. 乳 D. 脑 27. stoma-

A. 脐 B. 肚子 C. 泪 D. 口 28. laryngalgia

A. 骨质增生 B. 喉痛 C. 胃炎 D. 关节肿大 29. pelvo-

A. 骨盆 B. 脊柱 C. 盐酸 D. 齿龈 30. narco-

A. 相同 B. 麻醉 C. 脂肪 D. 绞痛

Part IV. Reading

Section 1 (10%)

Directions: Read the following passages and answer each question by choosing the letter A, B, C, or D based on what you have learned about writing skills in this course. Passage 1

Leatherback turtles follow the general sea turtle body plan of having a large, flattened, round body with two pairs of very large flippers and a short tail. Like other sea turtles, the leatherback’s flattened forelimbs are specially adapted for swimming in the open ocean. Claws are noticeably absent from both pair of flippers. The leatherback’s flippers are the largest in proportion to its body among the extant sea turtles. Leatherback front flippers can grow up to 2.7 meters in large specimens, the largest flippers (even in comparison to its body) of any sea turtle. As the last surviving member of its family, the leatherback turtle has several distinguishing characteristics that differentiate it from other sea turtles. Its most notable feature is that it lacks the bony carapace

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of the other extant sea turtles.

31. What is the method of paragraph development?

A. Example B. Cause/effect C. Comparision/contrast D. Illustration

32. What is the heading of this paragraph? A. The Leatherback’s contribution B. Unique features of the Leatherbacks C. The progress of hatching D. Methods used for routes tracking

Passage 2

In North America, there are five species of Pacific salmon: pink salmon, chum, sockeye, coho and chinook. Most of these fish migrate to the sea and then return to freshwater to reproduce. They are also semelparous—they die after spawning once. The life cycle of a typical salmon begins with females depositing eggs in nests, or redds, on the gravel bottoms of rivers and lakes. There must be large quantities of gravel for this process to be successful. The young emerge from here and live in freshwater for periods ranging from a few days to several years. Then the juveniles undergo a physiological metamorphoses, called smoltification, and head towards the ocean. Once in the sea, the salmon often undertake extensive migrations of thousands of miles while they mature. After anywhere from a few months to a few years, adult salmon reture—with high fidelity—to the river where they were born. There they spawn and the cycle begins again. 33. What is the method of paragraph development? A. Example B. Cause/effect

C. Process D. Classification

34. Which of the following is the topic sentence of the paragraph? A. The first sentence B. The second sentence C. The last sentence D. None

Passage 3

Life in Colorado was changed overnight by the gold rush of 1859. Miners needed supplies and, at first, depended upon the foodstuffs imported from the Midwest. Flour cost as much as $50 a barrel, but hungry miners were willing to pay these inflated prices. Further, because many of these Fifty-niners had farming backgrounds, they turned to agriculture after they were unable to survive in the mines. These people found the land fertile and began to farm the land. They did not plant crops for survival but rather to sell. At this point agriculture in Colorado changed from subsistence to commercial farming.

35. What would be a good title for this passage?

A. The Real Gold Grew out of the Ground B. The Gold Rush of 59’ C. Go West, Young Man D. Farming in Colorado

36. What is the method of paragraph development? A. Reason B. Example C. Definition D. Classification

Passage 4

Podcasting is the distribution of audio or video files, such as radio programmes or music videos, over the Internet, for listening on a mobile device and personal computers. The term podcast, like “radio”, can mean both the content and the method of delivery. Podcasters’ websites may also offer direct download of their files, but the way the new content is delivered is what distinguishes a podcast from a simple download, usually, the podcast features one type of “show” with new episodes at planned intervals, such as daily or weekly. 37. What type of prose does the paragraph belong to? A. Exposition B. Narration C. Description D. Argumentation

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38. What is the method of paragraph development? A. Reason B. Example C. Definition D. Classification

Passage 5

The truth is, blame can also be a powerful constructive force. For starter, it can be an effective teaching tool; helping people to avoid repeating their mistakes. When used judiciously – and sparingly – blame can also prod people to put forth their best efforts, while maintaining both their confidence and their focus on goals. Indeed, blame can have a very helpful effect when it’s used for the right reasons. The key, then, is the way in which blame is managed, which can influence how people make decisions and perform their jobs, and ultimately affect the culture and character of an organisation.

39. What is the method of paragraph development? A. Cause/effect B. Example C. Classification D. Reason

40. In this paragraph, the writer claims that one of the positive features of blame is that A. everyone feels the same about it. B. people can learn how to deal with it.

C. it can build confidence in less secure employees. D. it can encourage employees to work hard.

Part V Essay Reading (10%)

Directions: Read the following article and answer each question by choosing the letter A, B, C, or D based on what you have learned about writing skills in this course.

On Receiving the Nobel Prize

— William Faulkner (1897 — 1962)

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man but to my work — a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist there before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim, too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.

Our tragedy today is a general and a universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed -- love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so he labors under a curse. He writes not of love, but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure; that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that of his puny inexhaustible voice still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet's, the writer's, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and

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