句子成分 - 图文

考点1. 状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。 He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语) This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词，作状语） He runs very slowly.

（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）

A. 几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.

B. 英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大 先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。

I invited him to watch a movie at 5 p.m. on Thursday, August 28th, 2015.

I was born at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000. He lives at 1120 Green Street, London.

C. 频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句

中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。

You can never tell what he will do. He is often late.

He is always helping others. He often came late. D. 状语按意义分类

在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。 练习1. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。 1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

3. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.

4. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.

7. To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very

interested in business.

8. The boy needs a pen very much. 9. The boy really needs a pen.

10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am taller than he is.

13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a

pen. 考点2. 同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”） It’s good to us students. 练习2. 画出下列句中的同位语。

1. The young man, my brother, works in the office. 2. Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang, often helps us with

study. 3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the

train.

I. 单句改错

根据所学主语相关内容，改正下列句中的错误。 1. Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

2. Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 3. Play basketball is my favorite sport. 4. Give up English is not an option.

5. By doing part-time jobs can help them gain social

experience. 6. Without a friend will feel lonely. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

7. They planned______(take) two days off next week. 8. He practiced ______ (speak) English every day. 9. Here ______(be) your books.

10. On the wall ______ (hang) two pictures. III. 写作技能提升 A. 注意句子主语的形式。

11. 在我看来，早睡早起将对我们的健康有好处。（in my

opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to,

our health）

12. 他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（he failed the exam, make, upset）

13. 在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（between the

two tall buildings, stand, teaching building）

14. 我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很

有帮助。（what we are learning now, be of great help to, our life and work, in the future） B. 用形容词作后置定语。

15. 你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗？（know, next to） 16. 尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。（send…to, nearest to,

as soon as possible）

17. 我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall,

large enough, hold） C. 注意状语的顺序。

18. 那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。（do his homework,

in the classroom, carefully, at that moment）

19. 上周日我们在校园内栽了很多树。（plant lots of trees,

in the schoolyard）

20. 他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。（perform

incredibly well, speech contest） D. 注意频度副词的位置。

21. 我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。（will, forget, what

he told me, never）

22. 我经常去那家超市。（frequently, the supermarket） 23. 他总是帮助别人。（always, helping）

24. 我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。（never, treat an

old man like that, should）

25. 活到老，学到老。（one, never, too old to learn）

I. 单句改错

1. 【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the table

when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it. 2. 【2005全国Ⅰ】For the most part, students working to

earn money for their own use. 3. 【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should able to stand

all sorts of tests. 4. 【2008天津】I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this

experience. 5. 【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t send

your flowers, so I’m writing to you.

6. 【2008安徽】We thought the biscuits were great. “Let’s

got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they really

taste well.” （两处错误）

7. Others, however, against staying at home. 8. Exams should neither too difficult nor too easy. 9. There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多处) 10. There has a big tree in front of our school. 11. They often lonely.

12. Eggs go badly easily in summer. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

13. There ______ (exist) many problems with the project. 14. There ______ (be) going to be three meetings tomorrow. 15. The shop stays ______ (open) at night. 16. My mother bought a birthday cake ______ me. 17. There happened to ______ a bird flying above. 18. There ______ (lie) a swimming pool over there. 19. 【2014湖北】The Public Square is an eye-catching sight

of the city. There______(stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures. III. 写作技能提升

A. 不要忘了使用系动词。

20. 那食物很可口，我吃了很多。（the food, delicious） 21. 那个电影好极了。（the movie, fantastic）

22. 不过呢，一些人反对这个计划。（however, against, the

plan）

23. 他们的意见如下。（their opinion, as follows） 24. 就我而言，我赞成这个主意。（as far as I’m concerned, in

favor of）

B. 活用双宾语句式，用两种方法翻译下列句子。 25. 他给我提了一些建议。（offer, some advice） 26. 我欠他很多钱。（owe）

27. 在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。（buy,

a special gift）

28. 他给我做了一个纸飞机。（make, paper plane） 29. 他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。（read, an interesting

story）

30. 他的叔叔留给他很多钱。（leave, a lot of money） 31. 他让我们看了一张世界地图。（show）

32. 请把熊猫的照片寄给我一张。（send, a photo of the

panda）

C. 正确利用两个“有”there be与have 33. 我有许多好朋友。

34. 今天晚上将有一场电影。 35. 公园内有许多人。 36. 树上有许多小鸟。

37. 一条狗有四条腿和一条尾巴。

I. 单句改错 A. 注意分句连接

1. 【2014新课标Ⅰ】 Although we allow tomato plants to

grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 2. 【2005天津】As she gave it to me, when the phone rang

and she went to answer it. 3. 【2006全国Ⅰ】They did not want breakfast because that

they were going out early in the morning. 4. 【2004全国Ⅱ】But I have spent most my money, so I

cannot even go out of town. （不要受心理定势影响） 5. 【2013 辽宁】With little sleep and hardly any break, so

he works from morning till night. 6. 【2013 新课标Ⅰ】He had a deep voice, which set him

apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful. 7. 【2009陕西】Some friends of his go to see him everyday,

they take him lots of good books and fresh fruit. 8. My name is Zhang Hong, and 20 years old. B. 注意并列成分

9. 【2014大纲卷】The understanding between two friends

means both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 10. 【2014新课标Ⅱ】We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat

by the lake listening to music. 11. 【2005湖北】In other words, they help to keep people

strong and feel good. 12. 【2009重庆】However, every kind of Chinese food is

worth trying, because each has a delicious taste and good for health. 13. I didn’t communicate with others in English and not

willing to practice it either. 14. 【2012全国大纲Ⅰ】For example, how many times have

you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on when no one else was there? 15. 【2008浙江】I headed for the company, feeling sure I

would easily finish 300 envelops in five hours and to earn the money. 16. 【2015课标Ⅱ】A woman saw him crying and telling him

to wait outside a shop. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

（由高考真题中改错题改编）

17. 【2004天津】At weekends, we would play basketball,

______（游泳） in the pool or go for a picnic. 18. 【2004全国Ⅱ】I am thinking of making a trip to

London, and ______（visit）the British Museum and some parks.

19. 【2004湖南】Then, I put my book under my desk,

______ (open) it and started looking for the answers. 20. 【2004福建】She stopped to look out of the window and

______ (find) a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor’s house. 21. 【2005浙江】At first I was not quite willing to sit down

and ______ (观看) the 90-minute football match. 22. 【2011浙江】I guessed, even at that age, I would never

be able to enjoy playing with the toy or ______ （面对） my cousin again. III. 写作技能提升

23. 非常感谢你，你不仅给了我生命，而且教我如何做一

个好人。（thank you very much for, not only, but also） 24. 我特别喜欢坐在你身旁，听你讲故事。（particularly

enjoy, tell stories）

25. 在过去，我们不得不静静地坐在桌旁，听老师讲。（had

to, in silence, pay attention to, what）

26. 我仍然记得那天很早就起床，对那个新世界感到忧虑。（remember, feel anxious about the new world）

27. 我梦想站在教室的讲台上，给可爱的孩子上课。

（dream of, platform, give lessons to）

答案

第一章 句子结构及成分

第1讲 相关概念 练习1. 指出下列句中画线动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 1.vi. 2. vt. 3. vi. 4. vi. 5. vt. 6. vi. 7. vi. 8. vt.；vt. 9. vt. 10. vi. 练习2. 1.去掉of 5. 去掉into 2. 在think后加of 6. 去掉with 11. Beyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的名词短语) 12. Now comes your turn. （副词不能作主语，主语是后面的名词） 练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1. Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 2. Is it yours?（代词） 3. The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4. The speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了） 5. Three times seven is twenty-one.（数词） 6. His job is to teach English.（不定式） 7. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） 8. The machine must be under repairs.（介词短语） 9. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句）

第2讲 句子成分 练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） 2. We often speak English in class.（代词） 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语） 5. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） 6. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 9. That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句， that不能省略) 10. There comes the bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，名词the bus作主语) 2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five（数词）. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名

词化形容词） 4. I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语） 5. I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） 6. I think that he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 练习4. 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。 1. His father named him Dongming.（名词） 2. They painted their boat white.（形容词） 3. Let the fresh air in.（副词） 4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you（不定式.短语） 5. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） 1. They planed many trees yesterday.（名词） 3. replied后加to 4. insisted后加on 练习3. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。 1. 助动词 实义动词 2. 助动词 实义动词 3. 助动词 实义动词 4. 实义动词 5. 助动词 实义动词 6. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 7. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 8. 助动词 实义动词