毕业论文（设计）--非接触测长测速仪的设计

编号

本科生毕业设计

非接触测长测速仪的设计

The design of non-contact measuring the long velometer

学 生 姓 名 专 业 学 号 指 导 教 师 学 院

郝东兴 电子信息工程 040411504

徐志文

电子信息工程学院

2008 年 6 月

长春理工大学毕业论文

摘 要

在实际工业生产中,传统的接触式的长度速度测量方法,会因为机械磨损,尘埃等原因影响系统的正常工作。针对此不足本文以MCS-51系列单片机中的8051芯片为核心，采用光电传感器件，设计了一种新型的长度测量仪，具有长度测量，速度测量，数据显示，定时报警，等功能。

由于单片机价格低廉，可靠性高等特点，完全能满足新型非接触自动测长仪的要求。因此，以它作为微控制器，提高了整机的性能价格比。具有成本低，体积小，硬件电路简单，功能强，可靠性高等特点。加之运用了码拨盘输入、LED数字显示器，使整个装置的记数，显示，控制一气呵成，形成了集成度高，运行可靠，操作安全的智能化测量系统。

关键词：长度测量 速度测量 非接触 8051单片机 光电传感器

ABSTRACT

In actual industrial production ,the traditional contact-type length measures the method, the meeting is worn and torn. Because of machinery ,such reasons as the dust ,etc, influence the normal work of the system. Direct against this insufficient this text Israel 8051 chips in the MCS-51 series one-chip computer are cores, design a kind of new-type length measuring apparatus. Length is measured , the data show , reporting to the police ,timing ,wait for the function.

Have with low costs, mall, hardware circuit simple, the function is strong, the high characteristic of dependability .In addition application keyboard, LED display, make whole numeration of device , show, control and accomplish without any letup, it is high to form the integrated level, it is reliable to run, operate the intelligent control system of the security.

Keywords: length measures Speed measures Don’t keep in touch 8051one-chip computer Photoelectric sensor

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长春理工大学毕业论文

目 录

摘 要 .................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. I 第一章 绪 论 ................................................................................................................ - 1 - 1.1 引 言 ......................................................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2 非接触自动测长测速仪的发展概述 ..................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.1 什么是非接触自动测量 ...................................................................................... - 1 - 1.2.2 非接触自动测长测速仪的应用前景 .................................................................. - 2 - 1.3 论文研究的目的和内容 ........................................................................................... - 2 - 第二章 非接触自动测长测速仪系统原理概述 .............................................................. - 3 - 2.1 非接触自动测长测速系统基本原理 ....................................................................... - 3 - 2.1.1 非接触自动测长测速系统特点和技术指标 ...................................................... - 3 - 2.1.2 非接触自动测长测速系统基本组成 .................................................................. - 3 - 2.2 非接触自动测长系统基本原理 ............................................................................... - 3 - 第三章 非接触自动测长测速系统硬件设计 ................................................................ - 6 - 3.1 构成应用系统的基本方法 ....................................................................................... - 6 - 3.1.1 确定指标 .............................................................................................................. - 6 - 3.1.2 可行性研究 .......................................................................................................... - 6 - 3.2 系统总体方案设计 ................................................................................................... - 6 - 3.2.1 应用系统硬件的设计方法 .................................................................................. - 7 - 3.2.2 单片机应用系统软件的设计方法 ...................................................................... - 7 - 3.3 单片机8051及相关电路设计 ................................................................................. - 8 - 3.3.1单片机简介 ........................................................................................................... - 8 - 3.3.2 单片机8051基本组成原理 ................................................................................ - 9 - 3.3.3 单片机应用系统的设计工作 ............................................................................ - 10 - 3.4 计数功能的结构与原理 ......................................................................................... - 10 - 3.5 时钟电路 .................................................................................................................. - 11 - 3.6 复位电路 ................................................................................................................. - 12 - 第四章 单片机及其扩展接口芯片 ................................................................................ - 13 - 4.1 可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255 ............................................................................. - 13 - 4.1.1 地址锁存芯片74LS373 .................................................................................... - 14 - 4.1.2 外部存储器的扩展 ............................................................................................ - 15 - 4.2 键盘/显示器接口 .................................................................................................... - 15 - 第五章 应用系统软件的设计方法 ................................................................................ - 17 - 5.1 主程序 ..................................................................................................................... - 17 -

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长春理工大学毕业论文

5.2 INT1中断服务程序 ................................................................................................ - 18 - 5.3 功能块程序 ............................................................................................................. - 18 - 5.4 显示子程序 ............................................................................................................. - 19 - 第六章 传感器的概述 .................................................................................................... - 20 - 6.1 传感器概述 ............................................................................................................. - 20 - 6.2 选择传感器的总原则 ............................................................................................. - 20 - 6.2.1 根据测控对象与测控环境确定传感器的类型 ................................................ - 20 - 6.2.2 传感器灵敏度的选择 ...................................................................................... - 21 - 6.2.3 传感器频率响应性 .......................................................................................... - 21 - 6.2.4 传感器线性范围 .............................................................................................. - 21 - 6.2.5 传感器稳定性 .................................................................................................. - 21 - 6.2.6 传感器精度的选择 .......................................................................................... - 22 - 6.3 红外光电传感器 ..................................................................................................... - 22 - 6.4 红外线光电开关 ..................................................................................................... - 22 - 6.5 对射式光电开关原理 ............................................................................................. - 23 - 结 论 ...................................................................................................................... - 24 - 参 考 文 献 .................................................................................................................... - 25 - 致 谢 .......................................................................................................................... - 26 - 附 录 ............................................................................................................................ - 27 -

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