论我国男性生育权的现状与救济本科学位论文

论我国男性生育权的现状与救济

[摘要] 近年来，随着人们维权意识的不断加强以及男女平等观念的倡导和对女性地位的重视，在相当一部分的法律法规中不时会有注重保护女性权益的倾向。基于生育权是公民依法平等享有的基本人权，是每个人都应依法平等享有的。它作为夫妻之间共有的一项权利，是夫妻共同平等享有，而非夫妻一方的特权。而法律、法规有明确规定妇女有生育和不生育子女的权利，却并没有对男性的生育权问题加以明确的保护或限制，对平等享有生育权的男性却很难找到具体的法律条文去保护和实现其生育权，导致在解决关于男性生育权纠纷案件时欠缺明确法律依据的参考和引用。本文以我国男性生育权为研究对象，研究的主要目的是通过对现实中有关生育权的具体案件的分析和对比提出我国法律现状中关于男性生育权的不足之处，寻找我国男性生育权的法律救济。 [关键词] 生育权；男性；女性；平等；冲突

Studies on the Situations and Relief of Male's Bearing Right in China

[Abstract] Recently, there will be a tendency focusing on the protection of women’s right in a considerable part of laws and regulations with the continuously strengthening consciousness of right safeguarding, the advocacy of gender equality and the attention to the status of women. Everyone should equally enjoy the right of bearing children since this right is the basic human right of citizens. It is a right shared equally between spouses rather than one of the couple’s privilege. The laws and regulations clearly defined that women have their rights to bear children or not to, however, didn’t make any explicit provisions to protect or restrict the right of bearing children for men. Hence, it is a big headache for men those who also equally have the right of bearing children to search out the specifit legal provisions to protect and achieve their own right. Furthermore, the issue above caused the problem of lacking legal references and quotations when handling dispute cases of male’s bearing. This dissertation studies the male’s right of bearing in China with the major aim of seeking legal relief for it by raising the insufficiency in legal reality through case analyses and comparisons. [Keywords] right of bearing; Male; Female; Equality; Conflict

目 录

引言································································1 一、生育权概述·····················································1 （一）生育权的广泛概念···········································1 （二）男、女性生育权概念及区别··································2

1、女性生育权·················································2 2、男性生育权·················································3 二、我国男性生育权现状············································3 （一）男性生育权与女性生育权之间的冲突························3

1、擅自生育···················································4 2、擅自堕胎···················································4 （二）男性死刑犯生育权问题·······································5 三、我国男性生育权的法律救济·····································5 （一）法律救济的现状·············································5 （二）对生育权侵权的解决·········································6

1、针对男女双方···············································7 2、针对男性死刑犯·············································7 四、我国法律对男性生育权保护的不足与思考······················8 （一）男性生育权保护的不足······································8 （二）关于完善我国生育权的思考··································8 结论································································9 注释································································9

参考文献····························································9 致谢·······························································10

引 言

在人类漫长的历史长河中,人类的生育行为从完全自然、自愿地进行生育,已经发展到生育作为一种基本权利的局面。生育权是男女双方平等享有的，它理应是一种人格权，这个观点已经得到国际法的支持。生育权的主体应包括男性和女性,所有夫妇和个人,赋予男女双方都享有生育权合乎我国法律以及国际法的精神。然而，在我国现存法律法规中，如1992年颁布的《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》第47 条规定：“妇女有按照国家有关规定生育子女的权利,也有不生育的自由。”《刑法》第49条规定：“审判的时候怀孕的妇女，不适用死刑。”等，都只是对妇女作为女性的生育权的具体保护，而对男性生育权的规定甚少谈及，这是否对男性生育权的忽视和侵犯？妻子擅自堕胎,丈夫能否以其生育权被侵犯为由诉至法院？学界中对这些生育权争议还是颇大。所以，本论文将根据现存法律现象和法律规定，让人们正确认识男性生育权问题。

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一、生育权概述 （一）生育权的广泛概念

生育权作为一项基本的人权，人们对它的关注并不是一直存在的，从人类发展的历史长河中可以看出，社会的早期发展落后不发达，需要大量的人力来壮大自身的力量，因此，人口增长并没有加以限制，对生育权观念的关注看起来也没有多大的社会意义。而随着科学技术的日新月异，机器时代的到来，人口越多越好这个观念已经不再适应当时的发展需要。因此，人们对生育权的关注是在20世纪六七十年代以后，当庞大的人口基数成为部分国家经济社会发展的负担时，当一些国家为减少人口负担而实施的侵犯公民生育权的强制措施时，公民的维权意识增强，才令生育权这个人权问题得到关注。

在国际社会上，“生育权”的概念在国际上的首次出现是在1968年德黑兰第一次国际人权大会通过的《德黑兰宣言》。它规定：“每对夫妻都应享有自由负责地决定其子女人数和生育间隔的基本人权以及在这方面获得充分教育和信息的权利。”此后，在《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、《世界人口行动计划》、《国际人口与发展大会行动纲领》等一系列国际法律文件中，都有对“生育权”概念的进一步肯定和阐释。

在我国，对生育权的概念并没有一个统一的、确切的定义，社会和法律等各

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