Lecture 3

奖、喜爱或贬斥、厌恶等色彩。

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It is my comfort and my sincere conviction that you are going to try the life for which you are best fitted. I think its freedom and wildness more suited to you than any experiment in a study or office would ever have been; and without that

training, you could have followed no other suitable occupation.

[参考译文1]你将体验的生活是最适合你的，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。我认为那

种自由与放荡不羁的生活较比书房或办公室的工作更适合于你。缺少那种训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。

[参考译文2]你将体验的生活是最适合你的，这是我的安慰，也是我诚挚的信念。我认为那

种自由与无拘无束的生活较比书房或办公室的工作更适合你。缺少那种训练，你就不能从事其他适合你的职业。

? 3.2.3 慎用文言词和方言

? 在翻译中恰当使用文言词语，可以使语言简炼匀称，表达生动有力，还可以表达庄重、

严肃的感情色彩。一些“之乎者也”等词用得好可以表达幽默或讽刺的意义。但是文言用词必须谨慎小心，以免弄巧成拙。凡是能用白话表达的，尽量不要使用文言词语，不要把译文弄得半文半白，也不能不顾原文只为译文文采而堆砌文言词语。在某些环境中，如果要使用某个文言词语，也必须了解清楚这个词语的意义和感情色彩，弄清它所适应的场合和对象，否则就会闹出笑话，贻笑大方。

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Francis Bacon所作 Of Studies以及王佐良先生的译文：

is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight,

affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. [参考译文]读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博

彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。

? 原文用语典雅、庄重，古色古香，王佐良的译文通过使用一些文言用词，如“以”、“也”、

“其”、“之”等等，赋予译文与原文相当的典雅味道，是巧用文言用词的经典之作。

? 对方言词语的选用也必须非常小心。翻译往往强调“对等”，如果原作以方言词语为特色，

译文当然必须考虑词语的选用。但是，方言带有浓重的地方色彩，而且往往具有排外性，即使在同一个国家，一个地方的方言在另一个地区人们眼中常常也是外语。

? “I want to go and fetch your father; but what?s more?n that, I want to tell ?ee

what have happened.”

? “俺这儿正想要去把你爹找回来哪；不过，不光是这个，俺还要告诉你刚刚抖搂出来的一

档子事儿哪。”

? 张谷若译《德伯家的苔丝》

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课内练习

翻译下面的句子，注意划线部分的褒或贬。

? ? ? ?

Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.

Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.

She is fidgety and restless.

All the inventors have a restless mind.

? 汉斯说那位先生是他见过最勇敢的人，这明显是在拍马屁。 ? 布朗先生受邀演讲，他觉得不胜荣幸。 ? 她急躁好动。

? 所有的发明家都有一个探索不止的头脑。

? ? ? ?

As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.

As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.

Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times.

Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work.

? 真幸运，发生爆炸时大楼里刚巧没有人。 ? 真不凑巧，野餐那天下雨了。

? 很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一。

? 他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志。

? 3.3 变换用词

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语言的使用是灵活变化的。即使工具书中列举了众多的释义，但还是无法满足实际的需要，译者依然需要灵活变换用词以适应叙述的内容。字典里的释义往往是词汇的基本含义，在翻译实践中，译者往往需要从基本含义出发，在表达形式上稍作改变。 英汉翻译需要灵活变换用词的经常是原语动词与名词、形容词与名词、副词与动词搭配之处。

汉语里的同义词、近义词数量繁多，用法灵活。汉语文章文学美感也能通过用词的变化来实现。

The weather of summer is hot, while winter is cold and dreary. Both of these seasons are not for us to study. In the time of autumn, cold winds which are not at all pleasant generally blow. But spring has none of these drawbacks; the flowers bloom, the woods and grasses grow luxuriantly.

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3.3.1通过替换同义词、近义表达法来实现变化用词

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[参考译文1]夏天天气热，而冬天天气冷沉闷。这两个季节都不适合读书。在秋天，冷风一点也不会让人愉快。但是春天没有这些缺点，花儿盛开，树木草地茂盛地生长。

[参考译文２]夏天的天气炎热，冬天的天气寒冷阴沉。这两个季节均不适合我们读书。在

秋天的日子，通常寒风瑟瑟，一点也不令人喜悦。但是春天毫无这些缺憾，百花盛开，草木茂盛。 3.3.2通过转译实现变化用词

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转译，包括把英语名词翻译成汉语的动词、形容词或者副词；把英语的形容词翻译成汉语的副词、动词或者名词；把英语的副词翻译成汉语的名词、动词或者形容词；把英语动词翻译成汉语的名词或者副词；把英语介词翻译成汉语的动词等。转换词性，就增加了词汇选择的可能性，从而达到丰富用词，增加译文的文采。

? Example

? The Presidency is an eighteen-century invention up against the problems of the

late twentieth.

? [参考译文]总统的职务是在18世纪创立的，而现在面临的却是20世纪末的问题。

? She tries to calm her daughter with a faint smile and gentle caress of her hair. ? [参考译文]她淡淡地微笑着，温柔地爱抚着女儿的头发，让她平静下来。

? 事物虽然可以用不同的词语来描写，但是其中只有一个词是最恰当的。 ? 翻译也是一样。

? 如：汉语里单是“笑”的表达方式就有500多种，足以应付翻译任何一种语言关于如何笑的

问题了

? 词语的表现力包含词义、音韵、色彩三个因素，在词语推敲过程中，要准确把握词义、

色彩音韵等方面的特色，恰当贴切地选择词汇。

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? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

课内练习

用本节所学技巧翻译下列句子。

An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. He had the kindness to show me the way. This little present is a token of our friendship. He was never a financial success.

His suggestion is that we should set out before 8 o?clock. 我们发现要解决复杂的问题很难。 这条铁路桥还在建造中。

要操作这个机器需要了解机器的构造。 了解世界历史对学习时事是有帮助的。 他很友好/善良地给我指路。 这个小礼物代表了我们的友谊。 他从来就不富裕。 他建议我们8点之前出发。

We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. The railway bridge is still under construction. The operation of a machine needs some knowledge of its structure. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

3.4词语搭配

? a sweet smile, a sweet flower, candy is sweet中的sweet ? 和 Sweet Swan of Avon;

? How sweet of you to say so! ? Sweets to the sweet; ? sweet smell of success

? And above all, we have joined together as a Pacific community, turning a great

ocean into a bridge, not a barrier, between nations.