非谓语的用法总结解析

47. He left the city without our know it. 答案：

1.to report 2. to keep 3. to help 4.to ask 5.repairing 6.smoking 7.having been promoted 8.holding 9.having 10. marrying 11.going 12.being recognized 13.talk改为taking 14.正确 15.turn改为turning 16.caught前加being 17.正确 18.正确 19.changed改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确 24.correct改为correcting 25.attecked前加being 26.having改为being 27.speak改为speaking 28.study改为studying 29.to inform 30.to persuade 31.正确 32.taken前加being 33.正确 34.painting改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 38.admiring 39.正确 40.paid前加being 41.being 42.winning 43.I改为my或me 44.taken前加being 45.go改为going，或去掉on 46.was改为being 47.know改为knowing 五．作状语

不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 (一)不定式作状语

1. 不定式作目的状语

In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。

To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early. = He gets up early to catch the early bus.

Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number. 2. 不定式作结果状语

不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。

I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down. He is clever enough to be fit for the job.

Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. 比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果) I’m too tired to stay up longer.

注意：only too…to结构中，并非是“太….而不能….”之意，而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。

I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。 I’m too willing to help you. 3. 不定式作原因状语

当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。 This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. （二）分词做状语

分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用。

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(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系 V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系

(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前 (not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前 1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you.

2.____________(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and

animals not found in any other country in the world.

3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. 5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students. 6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.

参考答案：1.offered 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told

7. having received

(三) 独立成分作状语

有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有： generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到 judging from/by 根据....判断 compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设 to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说 To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是 seeing that 鉴于

Considering his age, he is quite tall.

Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.

I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain. To tell you the truth, I am a little tired. 练习：

1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock. 2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed. 4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.

5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in. 6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police. 7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock). 8).With winter_______(come) on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).

10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open). 11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall. 12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do). 13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)

参考答案：1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost

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7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do

总结状语从句的做题方法：1.___________________________________________________ 2.___________________________________________________ 3.____________________________________________________ 4._____________________________________________________

(四)独立主格

非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。它的结构特点是：

① 独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同，前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中，不定式表示还未作，过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动 ③ 独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开。

独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词 1). 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. = With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. = _______________________________________________________ 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

2). 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.

= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

3). 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如：

He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.

= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 4). 名词/主格代词+形容词。如：

An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 = An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________ 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5). 名词/主格代词+副词。如：

He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.

= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.

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会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6). 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如：

The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.

= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7). There being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：

There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。

There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 8). It being +名词（代词），being不可省。如：

It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 经典试题练练看

1. The party will be held in the garden, weather ________(permit).

2. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _______ (lay) for a meal to be cooked. 3. The lecture ______(give), a lively question and answer session followed. 4. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

Sorry. With so much work ______(fill) my mind, I almost break down.

5. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _____(finish), he gladly accepted it. 6. With nothing _______(do), we went to the cinema.

7. With their son _______(attend) a foreign college now, the parents have some financial problems now and then.

8. Her money ________(run out), the lazy middle aged woman began to steal others’money at crowded places, such as bus stops, stations, airports and ports. 触类旁通改改错

1. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them. 2. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some have a life span of around 20 years.

3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons were finished for the day.

4. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent was launched at the end of last March.

5. The street was quiet with no buses were running. 6. In came a man with his hand being tied back. 7. With Mr Smith away, we’ve got more room.

8. With the car broken down halfway on the road, we had great difficulty walking home in the snow. 答案：

1. permitting 2.laid 3.(having been) given 4.filling 5.finished 6.to do 7.attending 8.having run out

1. following改为following 2. have改为having 3. 去掉were 4. 去掉was 5. 去掉were 6. 去掉being 7. 正确 8. broken改为 breaking 六．作宾补时

1).tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ ask/ advise/ allow/beg/

cause/expect/forbid/ intend/ prefer/ remind/ require/request/command/direct/ want/wish/call on/ demand of/depend on+ sb to do

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