2019-2020年高中英语必修三M3U3主谓一致2 教案

2019-2020年高中英语必修三M3U3主谓一致2 教案

主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法一致(或叫形式一致)，意义一致或就近一致

①.语法一致: 主谓在语法形式上一致, 即主语是单数形式, 谓语用单数, 主语是复数形式, 谓语用复数

②.意义一致: 根据主语的内在涵义的单复数确定谓语的单复数

③.就近一致: 一个句子中有两个或 两个以上的主语, 谓语和靠近它的那个主语保持人称和数的一致 分 述: 单数: 1.当主语是不定代词somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等时, 谓语动词用单数

a. Somebody _______ (be) waiting for you outside. b. Nobody ________ (know) the answer.

2.单个动名词或动词不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数 a. Smoking / To smoke______ (be)a bad habit.

b. Carving animal bones _______ (be) not an easy job. 3. 书籍, 报刊, 杂志等的名称用单数.

a. The New York Times _______(be) published daily.

b. The Arabian Nights ______(be) a popular reading among the young people.

4.有些形式为复数, 而意义为单数的名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 这类名词如: news, works(工厂), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(数学 )等

5.如果and连接的两个名词指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面 包, my house and home我的家)时, 则谓语动词用单数 a. Many books and a pen ______(be) on the desk.

b. The pianist and composer (钢琴家兼作曲家) ______(have) come to this small town. 6.more than one和 many a + 单数名词作主语时, 谓语用单数 a. Many a student ______(have) won the prize.很多学生获了奖

b. More than one person ______(have) made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同样的错误。 7.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等词组作主语时, 谓语用单数

a. No man and woman _______(have) joined the party.

复数: 1. 集体名词people, cattle, police, youth等作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数 a. The police ______(be) looking for the thief. b. Cattle _______(be) not allowed to graze here.

2. 表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布的专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脉), the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the West Indies(西印度群岛), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)

3.以-s或-es结尾, 由对称的两部分构成的物体作主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 这类物体如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔裤), scissors(剪刀), shades(太阳镜)等. 但这些词若有pair等量词修饰时，则要与量词的数保持一致。

a. Here _______(be) a pair of glasses for you.

b. There ________(be) three pairs of jeans in the bag.

据意义判断单复数:

1.有些不定代词作主语时, 据意义确定谓语动词的单复数. 如 : all(人复数,物单数), some, any, more, most, half等

a. All _____(be) happy to hear the news.

b. All that _____(have) to be done has been done.

c. Most of the surface of the earth ______(be) covered by water. d. Half of the wood ______(have) been carried away.

2.集体名词如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主语时, 如果将其看作一个整体, 则谓语动词用单数, 若看成其中的成员(个体), 则谓语动词用复数

a. My family ______(be) a happy one. All my family _____(be) music lovers.

b. Our class ______(be) the best in our school.

The whole class _____(be) having a discussion about the problem.

3.表示时间, 长度, 距离, 金额, 价值, 重量, 容量等的复数名词作主语时, 通常作整体看待, 即表示总量或总和, 谓语动词用单数. 若把它们看作一个个的个体, 即强调其具体数量时, 谓语动词用复数形式

a. Twenty years _____(be) a long time to us.

b. Two hundred miles ______(be) not a long distance. c. Ten thousand US dollars ______(be) a lot of money. d. There ______(be) ten minutes left.

4.主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数. 但若主语从句所指的具体内容为复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数

a. What we need ______(be) more time. b. What we need _______(be) more doctors.

5.代词none和neither作主语时, 谓语动词可单数可复数 a. None of them ___ (have)a car. ( 他们没有一个人有汽车 ) b. None of them _______(have) a car. ( 他们都没有汽车 )

c. Neither of them _______(know) the answer. ( 他们两个谁也不知道答案 ) d. Neither of them _______(know) the answer. ( 他们两个都不知道答案 ) 6. 分数或百分数 + of + 名词 作主语时, 谓语动词视名词的数采用单数或复数. a. Over three quarters of the city_____(be) destroyed in the war. b. 35 percent of the doctors ______(be) women.

c. Thirty percent of the workers _____(be) out of work now. d. One third of the water ______(have) been wasted.

据与谓语距离判断: 1. either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but连接两个主语时, 采取就近原

则, 即谓语动词和靠近它的那个主语保持一致

a. Either you or he ______(have) dropped waste paper in the street. b. Neither he nor I______(have) forgotten to pay for the drinks.

2.在There be和Here be结构中, 就近一致。

a. There _____(be) a desk, a table, three chairs in the room. b. There ______(be) three chairs, a desk and a table in the room. c. Here _____(be) two letters and a magazine for you.

3.如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(此外)等引导的短语时, 谓语动词的形式只与主语有关, 即与前面的名词保持一致.

a. The teacher with three students _____(be) in the classroom then.

b. This book, as well as the other two books, _____(be) borrowed from our school library. d. Seven people, including a policeman, _____(be) killed.

特殊：quantity; amount所修饰的名词做主语，谓语动词的数与quantity或amount一致

宾语补足语

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。

宾语补足语有以下几类。 1.由动词不定式充当

多数是带to的不定式，也有不带to的不定式。

1).要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell，ask，invite，force，get，beg，allow，wish，want，like，prefer，intend，expect，encourage，advise，permit，order，warn，cause等。eg.