研究生综合英语1-6课选择+翻译 复旦大学

奏生活的新兴人际交往方式的出现，是完全不能套用陈陈相袭的伦理程序加以评判的。真的恪守传统，拜年是一定要带着礼包亲自登门才显庄重，选择短信拜年，从内容到形式就先改变了方式，弹指之间，寥寥数语，又岂能按传统尺度苛求？

People usually receive a variety of will-wishing short messages on such holidays as the Spring Festival, the Lantern?s Day or even the Valentine?s Day. Most of them are from the forwarded ready-made messages, written by those excellent amateurs. Though not very professional, some of them are still very interesting to read, so sometimes I feel stimulated and forward them to friends and relatives for fun.

Such forwarding action invites a lot of criticism because the message is not targeted at the individual, without showing any respect for that person. However, a careful consideration will make it clear that sending greetings via short messages on the Spring Festival, distinct from the traditional social etiquette at the outset, is a new rising communicative form and we cannot evaluate it by the conventional ethical standards because it adapts itself to the modern quick-rhymed life. If we really adhere to the tradition, we are expected to pay a personal visit by taking bags of gifts to show our sincerity. So instead of doing this, why not select the short messages to convey our greetings? With a click of button, a few lines of words have changed the greeting way from the form to the content. How can we put strict restrictions on it by conventional standards?

II. Vocabulary Expansion

There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one that best completes the meaning of each sentence.

1. The old lady has developed a cough which can?t be cured completely in a short time. A. benign B. permanent C. perpetual D. chronic

2. The police were alerted that the murderer might still be in the . A. round B. circumstances C. vicinity D. track

3. Listening to the soft tapping of rain on the roof can a person?s nervous tension. A. provoke B. soothe C. retain D. revive

4. The the farmer gave on his woodland to a lumber company expires in two years time.

A. premium B. subsid C. extinction D. lease

5. It?s more important to pave the way for children?s desire to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to . A. disperse B. assimilate C. alternate D. affiliate

6. Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth, are never alone or of life. A. weary B. wary

C. cautious D. callous

7. If the freed men had become landowners instead of laborers, their descendants would be prosperous today. A. affluent B. stingy C. impoverished D. gorgeous

8. This cream can be used to treat cuts and bruises and other minor injuries. A. floppy B. sundry C. infirm D. murky

9. They agreed to the proposal that hostage-taking be made an international crime. A. incompatibly B. presumably C. invariably D. unanimously

10. For reasons of personal safety, the man told the police that he wished to remain . A. anonymous B. suspicious C. conspicuous D. rigorous

1. D 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A

Unit 5

C. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.

1. The new rule stipulated that a worker who was three times in one month should be dismissed immediately. A. awkward B. aloof C. clumsy D. tardy

2. At the end of the President?s speech, leaders of both parties announced their full support of the doctrine he had . A. complimented B. enunciated C. disguised D. deprived

3. Because of its capacity to numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarely occurs in nature. A. suffice B. dissolve C. withhold D. recognize

4. In Austria he met with President Kurt Waldheim, who remained a figure of controversy because of his reported in Nazi crimes against Jews and others during World War Ⅱ. A. caricature B. complicity C. citadel D. protocol

5. When we arrived there we saw many red-and-white streamers floating gently into the outfield grass, fireworks overhead. A. booming B. intoning C. squabbling D. mounting

6. The bird put his tiny head to one side and looked up at him with his soft bright eye. Then he hopped about and pecked the earth , looking for seeds and insects. A. dubiously B. lavishly C. transiently D. briskly

7. John reached for a cigarette and a little. “We did not think anybody would be

stubborn enough to come here in spite of our discouragement.” A. overheard B. chuckled C. generalized D. jeopardized

8. For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he at me. A. intimidated B. mused C. reflected D. winked

9. Many of the country?s prosecutors feared the proposal was ultimately aimed at curbing their considerable powers and wrongdoers . A. patching ... up B. picking ... Out C. letting ... off the hook D. brushing ... off

10.About half of all children in South Asia and one-third of those in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from , which usually results from an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals. A. eclipse B. repugnance C. malnutrition D. revelation

1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C

V. Translation

A. Translate the following paragraphs from the text into Chinese.

Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no,” criticizing, or getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it?s the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a riot. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than are people in any other forum.

Humor is often the best way to keep a small misunderstanding from escalating into a big deal. Recently a neighbor of mine had a squabble with his wife as she drove him to the airport. Airborne, he felt miserable, and he knew she did, too. Two hours after she returned home, she received a long-distance phone call. “Person-to-person for Mrs. I. A. Pologize,” intoned the operator. “That?s spelled ?P? as in …” In a twinkling, the whole day changed from grim to lovely at both ends of the wire.

在处理我们生活中难以应付的局面时，幽默是一种非常有效的手段，却常常被人们忽视。它可以用来解决分歧、表示道歉、说“不”、进行批评、让别人根据你的要求做事又不丢面子。对于某些工作来说，幽默是唯一能获胜的工具。它是讨论敏感话题的一种办法。在讨论太敏感的话题时一本正经地对话，可能会引起激烈冲突。例如，许多人都认为电视喜剧演员，如今为了种族间和宗教间的相互包容所起的作用，比其他任何论坛的人都更大。

幽默通常是防止小误会升级到大问题的最佳方法。最近，我的一位邻居在妻子开车送他去机场的路上，与她发生了一点口角。上了飞机后，他感到很痛苦，知道妻子也很难过。 当他妻子两小时后回到家时，接到了一个长途电话。“受话人’Mrs. I. A. Pologize(夫人，我道歉)’，”接线员拖长声音说道，“名字的拼写为P ?。”一眨眼功夫，电话线两端的人的整个一天由阴转晴。

B. Translate the following paragraphs into English.

幽默感被公认是人的性格中最有价值的东西。它是与生俱来的，但也需要后天的培养。如果一个人没有幽默感，就像春天没有花朵，一盘菜没有调料。从某种意义来说，你的个性来自你的幽默感。

幽默能够增强我们的身心健康。它能够帮助我们减轻压力、缓解紧张、笑对挫折、放松身体、化解日常生活中数不清的琐事和愤怒。随着一声玩笑，我们所有的苦恼、悲伤和疲劳都会烟消云散，我们再次充满了生机和活力。此外，幽默还有助于我们与他人和睦相处。有了它,你就会时常与他人保持良好的关系。

培养幽默感的一个途径就是对众多的话题都要具有广博的知识。有了广博的知识才能懂得含义微妙的幽默；否则，我们在面对别人的幽默时就会不知所措。另外，培养幽默感时，关键的一点就是要有丰富的想象力。缺乏想象力则会置幽默于死地。

幽默感是我们放松和自我娱乐的途径之一。幽默可能因事而异，但至关重要的是要有幽默感，而且应该积极培养，让生活更加丰富多彩。

A sense of humor is universally considered the most valuable asset in a person?s personality. It is born within every person's heart, but it has to be cultivated. A person without a sense of humor is just like a spring without flowers or a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor.

Humor can enhance physical as well as mental well being. It helps us relieve pressure, reduce tension, helps us overcome our frustrations, relax our muscles, and dissolve countless trifles and irritations offered by day to day life. With the cracking of a joke, all of our worries, sadness and fatigue disappear like mist and we are full of vigor once again. Besides, humor helps us live in harmony with others. With it you can always stay on good terms with others.

One way to cultivate a sense of humor is to have a wide range of knowledge about many topics so that the slightest differences in meaning of a joke can be fully understood; otherwise we would be simply at a loss in such a situation. Another crucial point in developing a sense of humor is to have a rich imagination. Nothing can be worse than the lack of imagination to kill an otherwise funny joke.

A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves. The things we find humorous may vary, but to have a sense of humor is very important and should be cultivated to get the most out of life.

II. Vocabulary Expansion

There are four choices marked A, B, C, and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one that best completes the meaning of each sentence.

1. A photograph taken in Bern during Eva Peron?s 1947 tour of Europe depicts the Argentine first lady, bejeweled and elegantly dressed in a Paris gown. A. spurious B. glamorous C. clamorous D. proliferous

2. Actors on stage bring characters to full life who would have lain inert on the printed page. A. thereof B. nevertheless C. furthermore D. otherwise

3. Human cloning is probably not because they will be heavily discouraged by many governments.