「精品」四川省宜宾市一中2017-2018学年高中英语中心发言提纲

学习资料 值得拥有

B. Patients will suffer less for some surgeries. C. Fewer children will swallow the button cells. D. A robot will be invented travelling blood vessels. 4. Which can be the most suitable title for the passage? A. An Experiment on Robot B. Tiny Robot, Significant Role

C. The Fantastic Robotic Voyage D. The Exploration of Robot Technology 【答案】CDBC

【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍一种可以植入人体内进行治病的微型机器人。运用它之后，可以在不给人开刀的情况下进行治病，减轻了病人的痛苦。

1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut, the possibility of which has just got a bit closer”可知选C。

2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is folded up and encased in a 10mm×27mm capsule of ice”可知，这种机器人需要被折叠后才能放进胶囊里，由此可推知，它的实际大小应该是比胶囊要大的。故选D。

3. 推理判断题。根据第一段末的“without the need for a single cut”可知，用上这个机器人后，不需要给病人开刀进行治病，当然可以减轻痛苦了。故选B。

4. 文章标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是一种可以放入人体内进行治病的机器人。故选C。 5.【2018届江苏省金陵中学高三年级期初测试】

C

If you could change your child’s DNA in the future to protect them against diseases, would you? It could be possible because of technology known as CRISPR-Cas, or just CRISPR.

CRISPR involves a piece of RNA, a chemical messenger, designed to work on one part of DNA; it also uses an enzyme (酶) that can take unwanted genes out and put new ones in, according to The Economist. There are other ways of editing DNA, but CRISPR will do it very simply, quickly, and exactly.

The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s to cancer to HIV. By allowing doctors to put just the right cancer-killing genes into a patient’s immune system, the technology could help greatly.

In April scientists in China said they had tried using CRISPR to edit the genomes (基

9

学习资料 值得拥有

因组) of human embryos. Though the embryos would never turn into humans, this was the first time anyone had ever tried to edit DNA from human beings. With this in mind, the US’ National Academy of Sciences plans to discuss questions about CRISPR’s ethics (伦理问题).

For example, CRISPR doesn’t work properly yet. As well as cutting the DNA it is looking for, it often cuts other DNA, too. In addition, we currently seem to have too little understanding of what DNA gives people what qualities.

There are also moral questions around “playing God”. Of course, medicine already stops natural things from happening —— for example, it saves people from infections. The opportunities to treat diseases make it hard to say we shouldn’t keep going.

A harder question is whether it is ever right to edit human germ-line (种系) cells and make changes that are passed on to children. This is banned in 40 countries and restricted in many others. However, CRISPR means that if genes can be edited out, they can also be edited back in. It may be up to us as a society to decide when and where editing the genome is wrong.

Also, according to The Economist, gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”

In the end, more research is still needed to see what we can and can’t do with CRISPR. “It’s still a huge mystery how we work,” Craig Mello, a UMass Medical School biologist and Nobel Prize winner, told The Boston Globe. “We’re just trying to figure out this amazingly complicated thing we call life.” 1. What is the article mainly about? A. How CRISPR was developed by scientists. B. What we can and can’t do with CRISPR.

C. Chinese scientists’ experiment of using CRISPR to edit human embryos. D. The advantages of CRISPR and arguments about its ethics. 2. According to the article, the technology of CRISPR ________. A. is very safe because it only cuts the DNA it is looking for B. is banned in 42 countries and restricted in many others

10

学习资料 值得拥有

C. could cause parents to make unwise choices for their children

D. could help us discover the link between DNA and the qualities it gives people 3. It can be concluded from the article that CRISPR ________. A. could be helpful in the treatment of cancer and HIV B. allows scientists to edit genomes for the first time C. is a technology that uses an enzyme to work on RNA and DNA

D. has proven to be the most effective way to protect children against diseases 4. What is the author’s attitude toward CRISPR? A. Supportive. B. Worried. C. Negative. D. Objective. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D

【分析】文章介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，它在治疗疾病方面的优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。

1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，其优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。故选D。

2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段gene editing may mean that parents make choices that are not obviously in the best interests of their children: “Deaf parents may prefer their children to be deaf too; parents might want to make their children more intelligent at all costs.”可知由于基因被改变，会导致父母不能正确对孩子做出决定，故选C。

3.推理判断题。根据第三段The uses of CRISPR could mean that cures are developed for everything from Alzheimer’s to cancer to HIV.可知CRISPR技术可以促进这些疾病的治疗，有帮助作用。故选A。

4.推理判断题。文章中作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术，它在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用，以及在使用中人们对它的各种顾虑。作者是客观如实介绍，所以他对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。.

11