高英论文-肯尼迪政策

高级英语论文

专 业：英语 班 级：10209101 学 号：1020910102 姓 名：李天韵 指导老师：廖华英

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Analysis of Kennedy's Diplomatic Policy towards

Different Countries

Abstract: In the 1960s, the United States was facing a series of problems: slow

economic growth, poverty problem, black people and the civil rights movement，threat from the Soviet Union, and loss of dominance with development of Japan and Europe. These factors forcing the United States to adopt new countermeasures.

Kennedy developed The New Frontier Policy in 1961, which means “no support for those countries posing a threat to the United States; no weapons provided for the socialist countries; containments to those countries with nuclear weapons; give aid to Latin America and West Europe”.

The main purpose of this essay is to give an analysis of Kennedy's diplomatic policy towards different countries.

Key Words: Kennedy Administration; Diplomatic Policy; New Frontier

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International Environment:

John F. Kennedy, Democratic victor in the election of 1960, was the youngest man ever to win the presidency. Kennedy’s diplomatic thoughts full of idealism and the conscious of world leaders. Kennedy also inherited the policy of anti-Soviet and anti-Communist as the core of Cold War thinking.

When Kennedy came to power, the United States was

facing a series of problems:

The USSR’s national strength posed a great threat to the USA. As Kennedy said,” The United States not only lost nuclear power advantages, but also in laggard status when confronting the USSR.”

In addition to the adverse situation in the Cold War, the United States is also beset

by huge international payment deficit. What’s more, domestic problem such as poverty problem, black people and the civil rights movement was complex and multitudinous.

The European countries has strengthened their national power and tend to get

rid of America’s lead. One of the prominent is De Gaulle. Moreover, the Third World’s anti-colonial movement reached its climax.

At Kennedy’s time, Cuba, Germany and China became America’s headache. These factors forcing Kennedy to adopt new diplomatic countermeasures towards different countries.

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Tough Diplomatic Policy towards the USSR

Kennedy believed that it was possible to bargain and compromise with the Soviet Union, but the two superpowers could never coexist peacefully.

The Soviet Union started to behave aggressively in Berlin and Cuba after The World War Ⅱ, which posed a direct threat to the United States. As a countermeasure, Kennedy inherited the policies of his predecessors — working to stop Soviet aggression and contain the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.

Nuclear Arm Race between USA& USSR Kennedy's response was: \ Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we will pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.\

Hostile Policy towards Cuba

Cuba, the area that the United States has long regarded as its own backyard, has

been troubling the America after 1959’s revolution, and Castro is the menace to the United States.

Kennedy has been finding reasons to get other American countries’ support to interfere Cuba’s internal affairs, and on the other hand, the American government openly applied economic sanctions against Cuba, and implemented maritime embargo, to cause the Cuban internal chaos. Kennedy also secretly training the Cuban exiles, waiting for the Cuban intervention timing of maturation.

The Bay of Pigs was an attempt to aid Cuban exiles after their country fell to communism in 1959. The United States provided training, equipment, and logistical support to Cubans bent on recapturing their country. The 1961 invasion failed miserably.

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