300万吨胜利原油常减压装置设计

摘 要

石油炼厂中的第一个生产装置一般都是蒸馏装置，人们通过蒸馏将石油分割成相应的直馏汽油、化工原料、轻柴油或重柴油馏分及其他馏分。所谓原油的一次加工，就是指原油蒸馏而言。借助于蒸馏，我们可以将原油分割成各种半成品馏分油，也可将原油分割成一些二次重整加工的原料。在一些二次加工的装置中，蒸馏过程也是不可缺少的组成部分。

该设计是一年处理300万吨的胜利原油常减压装置的设计。根据胜利原油的特点，本装置采用三段汽化，即初馏塔、常压塔和减压塔。常压塔选用浮阀塔板，初馏塔选用单溢流型式，常压塔选用双溢流型式。按要求给出重要塔板上的操作条件，并计算塔高、塔径等水力学参数。

关键词： 初馏塔，常压塔，温度, 压力

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Abstract

In the petroleum refinery first production installment all is the distilling apparatus generally. The people divide through the distillation the petroleum the corresponding straight run gasoline, the petroleum, the light diesel oil or the heavy oil fraction and other fractions. A so-called crude oil processing, Speaking of is refers to the crude distillation. With the aid of in distillation, we may divide the crude oil to the half-finished product fraction oil, also may divide the crude oil to some second reforming the processing the raw material. In some second processes in fixture, the distillation process also is the essential installment. This design is a year processes three million ton the Shengli crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit technological design. According to Shengli crude oil characteristic, this fixture uses three stage of vaporization, namely primary tower, atmospheric distillation tower and vacuum distillation tower. The atmospheric distillation tower selects the float valve column tray. The primary tower selects the single overflow pattern. The atmospheric distillation tower selects the double overflow pattern. According to the request, the operation condition on the important tower-board is provided, and such hydraulics parameters as the tower-high, tower-diameter, etc. are calculated.

Key word: primary tower, atmospheric distillation tower, temperature , pressure

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目 录

第一章 概 述 .................................................................................................................................... 5

1.1石油蒸馏装置的简单介绍 .................................................................................................... 5 1.2 装置生产方案的确定 ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3流程的确定 ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 设计的简单说明 ................................................................................................................... 8 第二章 基本数据计算 ...................................................................................................................... 11

2.1 油品物性 ............................................................................................................................. 11

2.1.1 相对密度指数 oAPI ................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 体积平均沸点tv（oC） .......................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 恩氏蒸馏 90 % ~10 % 斜率 ................................................................................. 12 2.1.4 中平均沸点 tme = tv - ?me .................................................................................... 12 2.1.5 特性因数K和相对分子量M ............................................................................... 12 2.1.6 平衡汽化数据 .......................................................................................................... 13 2.2 物料平衡 ............................................................................................................................. 15

2.2.1 油品实沸点切割 .................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 物料平衡 .................................................................................................................. 15

第三章 初馏塔的设计 ...................................................................................................................... 16

3.1 初馏塔的工艺计算 ............................................................................................................. 16

3.1.1 以塔为衡算系统，作出塔的物料平衡： ............................................................. 16 3.1.2 汽提水汽的用量 ...................................................................................................... 16 3.1.3 初馏塔的汽化段温度 .............................................................................................. 17 3.1.4 塔顶温度的计算 ...................................................................................................... 20 3.2 塔径与塔高的计算 ............................................................................................................. 22

3.2.1初馏塔塔径的计算 ................................................................................................... 22 3.2.2 塔高的计算 .............................................................................................................. 24

第四章 常压塔的设计 .................................................................................................................... 25

4.1 常压塔的工艺计算 ............................................................................................................. 25

4.1.1 汽提蒸汽用量 .......................................................................................................... 25 4.1.2 塔板型式和塔板数 ................................................................................................ 26 4.1.3 精馏塔计算草图 ...................................................................................................... 26 4.1.4 操作压力 .................................................................................................................. 28 4.1.5 汽化段温度 .............................................................................................................. 28 4.1.6 塔底温度 ................................................................................................................ 31 4.1.7 塔顶及侧线温度的假设与回流热分配 ................................................................. 31 4.1.8 侧线及塔顶温度校核 ............................................................................................ 33

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4.1.9全塔气液负荷分布图 ............................................................................................... 40 4.1.10 常压塔塔板负荷计算结果 .................................................................................. 61 4.1.11 气液相负荷图......................................................................................................... 62 4.2 塔板的设计 ......................................................................................................................... 65

4.2.1 所需基本数据的计算 .............................................................................................. 65 4.2.2 塔径的计算 .............................................................................................................. 66 4.2.3 塔高的计算 .............................................................................................................. 66 4.2.4 溢流装置 .................................................................................................................. 67 4.2.5 浮阀塔板布置 .......................................................................................................... 68 4.3塔板水力学计算 .................................................................................................................. 69

4.3.1气相通过浮阀塔塔板的压力计算............................................................................ 69 4.3.2 淹塔 .......................................................................................................................... 70 4.3.3 雾沫夹带 ................................................................................................................ 70 4.3.4 塔板负荷性能图 ...................................................................................................... 71 结 束 语 ............................................................................................................................ 74

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