English Grammar Book

Grammar Learning English grammar Learning about nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections with exercises for you to complete Easy Pace Learning Easy Pace Learning Grammar

Nouns

A noun is the word that refers to a person, thing or abstract idea. A noun can tell you who or what.

There are several different types of noun:-

? There are common nouns such as dog, car, chair etc.

? Nouns that refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural) are countable nouns.

? Nouns that refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity (can only be singular) are uncountable nouns.

? Nouns that refer to a group of people or things are collective nouns.

? Nouns that refer to people, organizations or places are proper nouns, only proper nouns are capitalized.

? Nouns that are made up of two or more words are called compound nouns. ? Nouns that are formed from a verb by adding -ing are called gerunds

EXERCISES:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The book was heavy. The child is happy. The box was empty. The synopsis is accurate. The tomato was being baked.

ANSWERS:

The books were heavy. The children are happy. The boxes were empty. The synopses are accurate.

The tomatoes were being baked.

Verb

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence. In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is highlighted:

Transitive Verbs followed by Adverbs

back up: support I will back up your story. bail out: rescue If you run into difficulties, who will bail you out? break in: make something new fit

I broke in my new hiking boots.

for use

breathe in: inhale We breathed in the fresh air. breathe out: exhale I breathed out a sigh of relief.

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bring back: return bring around: persuade bring up: raise butter up: flatter call in: ask to assist call off: cancel call up: telephone

cheer on: cheer, encourage chop down: fell clean up: tidy

fend off: repel

ferret out: find with difficulty figure out: solve, understand fill in: complete fill out: complete fill up: make full give back: return give off: send out

hand down: give to someone younger

hand in: give to person in authority

She brought back her library books.

We gradually brought her around to our point of view.

Bringing up children is never easy.

We buttered him up, hoping that he would agree to our proposal.

I think it is time we called in an expert. We called off the meeting. Why don't you call him up? I will be there to cheer you on. They chopped down the dead tree.

The mayor asked everyone to help clean up the city streets.

The goalie fended off every attack.

We managed to ferret out the information. I can't figure out what happened. Please fill in this form. I filled out the form.

We filled up the glasses with water. I gave back the bicycle I had borrowed. Skunk cabbage gives off an unpleasant odor. The tradition was handed down from father to son. The students handed their assignments in to the teacher.

I am not sorry to hand the responsibility on to you. We had to hand the evidence over to the police.

hand on: give to another person hand over: transfer

hang up: break a telephone

After receiving a busy signal, I hung up the phone.

connection

hold back: restrain, delay He is so enthusiastic; it is hard to hold him back. iron out: remove I am sure we can iron out every difficulty. knock out: make unconscious Boxers are often knocked out. lap up: accept eagerly The public lapped up the story. lay off: put out of work The company laid off seventy workers. leave behind: leave, not bring I accidentally left my umbrella behind. leave out: omit Tell me what happened. Don't leave anything out! let down: disappoint We will let him down if we don't arrive on time. live down: live so that past faults

This will be hard to live down!

are forgotten

look up: find (information) We looked up the word in a dictionary. make up: invent She likes to make up stories. pass up: not take advantage I couldn't pass up such an opportunity. pension off: dismiss with a pension He was pensioned off at the age of sixty.

The new program will be phased in over the next

phase in: introduce gradually

six months.

phase out: cease gradually The practice will gradually be phased out.

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pick up: collect

pin down: get a commitment play down: de-emphasize point out: draw attention to polish off: finish pull down: demolish pull off: succeed

put away: put in proper place

You may pick up the papers at the office.

When the guest speaker is pinned down, we can set a date for the conference.

He played down the importance of the news. She pointed out the advantages of the proposal. We polished off the rest of the apple pie.

Many old buildings are pulled down to make way for new ones.

Do you think she can pull off her plan? It is time to put the toys away.

put back: return to original location Please put the book back on the shelf. put off: postpone reel off: recite a long list rope in: persuade to help rub out: erase

We cannot put off the meeting again. She reeled off a long list of names.

We roped in everyone we could to help with the work.

Be sure to rub out all the pencil marks.

rule out: remove from consideration None of the possibilities can be ruled out yet. scale down: reduce sell off: dispose of by selling set back: delay

Because of lack of funds, we had to scale down our plans.

We sold off all the books and furniture. This could set back the project by several years.

shout down: stop from speaking by

The crowd shouted down the speaker.

shouting

shrug off: dismiss as unimportant He attempted to shrug off the mistake. single out: select from others size up: assess sort out: organize

sound out: talk with to learn the opinion of

stammer out: stammer sum up: summarize summon up: gather take in: absorb

take out: invite to a restaurant

You have been singled out for special attention. I quickly sized up the situation.

It will take some time to sort out this mess. We attempted to sound him out. They stammered out their apologies.

He summed up the discussion in a few well-chosen words.

I attempted to summon up my courage. We tried to take in the new information. May I take you out for supper?

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