高中英语 语法复习十八 冠词

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语法复习十八：冠 词

（一）考纲要求

考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等。

（二）命题导向

冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填

空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

（三）基本用法

当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠词的基本用法：

① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please. ③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest. ⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation. ⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The Smiths ⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin. ⑾ 发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

⑿ 年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

⒀ 固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

2、不定冠词的基本用法：

① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. ⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译\帮手\）

⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

3、不用冠词的情况：

① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） ② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. ③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. ⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? ⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. ⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. ⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

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练习（一）、冠 词

1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）. A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a

2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a

3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a 4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The 5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a

6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a

7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every

8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a

10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire. A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a

11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try. A. a B. the C. another D. other 12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

A. first B. a first C. second D. the second 13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a

14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995 15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the

16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a

17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s 18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller

19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____. A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano

20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead 21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the 22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, / 23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients. A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the

24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /

25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

A. man B. the man C. a man D. men

26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. /

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D. That

28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a

29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a

30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day

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练习（二）、冠 词

1. ---You mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him. A. other B. the C. / D. a

2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?

A. a, / B. the, / C. a, the D. the, the

3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake. ---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.

A. a, a B. the, a C. /, / D. /, a

4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.

A. a,/, the B. a,/, / C. the, the, the D. the, an, an 5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.

A. the, the B. the, / C. the, a D. /, a

6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.

A. /, / B. his, his C. the, the D. an, his 7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.

A. the, / B. /, / C. /, a D. the, the

8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower. A. a, the B. a, / C. the, a D. the, the

9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?

A. the, the, the B. a, the, a C. the, a, the D. the, the, a 10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.

A. the, a B. /, / C. a, a D. /, a 11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.

A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, / 12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?

---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book? A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the 13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society. A. /, / B. the, the C. a, / D./, the 14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?

---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a

15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.

A. a, the, the B. a,/,the C. /,/,the D. /,/,a

16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom. A. an, a B. /, the C. the, a D. the, / 17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?

---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep. A. a, a B. the, a C. a, / D. the, /

18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation. A. the, the B. a, a C. a, / D. the, / 19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.

A. the, a B. /, the C. /, / D. the, /

20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning. A. /, a B. the, / C. /, the D. the, the

21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.

A. the dress B. a dress C. dress D. the dresses

22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success. A. How, really a B. What, great C. How, / D. What, quite a 23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.

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