new words

China will save 48 billion kilowatt-hours of power annually, equivalent to a reduction of 48 million tons of carbon dioxide, if all 1.4 billion of the country's incandescent bulbs currently in use are replaced with energy-saving lamps.

如果把国内尚在使用的14亿个白炽灯泡全部换成节能灯，我国每年将能节省480亿千瓦时的电量，相当于减少4800万吨二氧化碳排放。

Incandescent bulbs就是“白炽灯泡”，因生产成本低，曾被广泛应用于household

lighting（家庭照明）和commercial lighting（商业照明）。不过，由于其low energy efficiency（低能效），近几年正逐步被energy-saving lamps（节能灯）替代。 我国“十二五”的energy-saving and emission-reduction goals（节能减排目标）包括：energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product（单位国内生产总值能源消耗）减少16%，carbon emissions（碳排放）减少17%等指标。

Nobel Literature Prize / Nobel Prize in literature 诺贝尔文Nobel Physics Prize / Nobel Prize in physics 诺贝尔物理学奖学奖Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine诺贝尔生理学或医学奖Nobel Economics Prize 诺贝尔经济学奖

近JAnti-Japanese protests erupted in more than a dozen Chinese cities on Sunday aft10日，中国政府网公布了《国务院关于第六批取消和调整行政审批项目的决定》，取消和调整314项审批项目。The State Council will remove 171 administrative

approval items, while the power to approve another 117 items will be handed down to government departments at lower levels. er a group of Japanese rightists landed on the Diaoyu Islands.国务院将取消171个行政审批项目，同时将117个项目的审批权下放到下一级政府部门。

Administrative approval就是“行政审批”，此次调整remove（取消）、hand down（下放）以及merge（合并）了国务院部门的314个行政审批项目，是administrative examination and approval system reforms（行政审批制度改革）的最新举措。

此次涉及的审批项目主要集中在investment and social projects（投资和社会项目），尤其关注 real economy（实体经济）、 small- and micro-sized

enterprises（小微企业）、以及private investments（个人投资）领域。White paper就是“白皮书”，是政府、议会等公开发表的有关政治、经济、外交等重大问题的文件。“司法改革白皮书”就是white paper on judicial reform。

司法改革白皮书包括维护社会公平正义（maintaining social fairness,

justice）、优化司法职权配置（optimizing the structure of the judicial organs and allocation of their functions and power）、加强人权保障（improving the protection of human rights）、提高司法能力（strengthening judicial organs' capability in maintaining social justice）等内容。The

Ministry of Public Security's amended regulations on driving licenses increase the

penalties for motorists who run red lights, as well as authorities who issue licenses to new drivers who cause serious accidents.

公安部新修订的驾驶证使用规定加强了对司机闯红灯的处罚力度，同时新司机发生严重事故的也将对发证机关进行处罚。

新规中对running red light（闯红灯）和blocking or defacing license plates（遮挡、污损号牌）等行为的point penalty（扣分处罚）从之前的3分提高到6分；drunk driving（醉驾）的客货车司机将面临lifetime ban（终身禁驾）。

Newly qualified drivers（新司机）上高速必须由三年以上驾龄的司机陪同，一旦发生fatal accident（致命事故）将追究license-issuing authorities（发证机关）的责任。

上周日，中国十几个城市都爆发了反日游行，抗议日本右翼分子登上钓鱼岛。 Anti-Japanese protests就是“反日游行”，人们呼吁the defense of China's territory（捍卫中国领土）、calling for a boycott of Japanese products（号召抵制日货）。 不少媒体发表评论称，to express patriotism peacefully（用和平的方式表达爱国主义）无可厚非，但是一些城市却出现irrational or violent behavior（不理性的暴力行为），这样blind patriotism（盲目的爱国主义）只会导致 the loss of property belonging to Chinese compatriots（本国同胞的财产遭受损失），同时damage the country's global image（有损国家在国际上的形象）。

elly shoes or jellies are shoes made of PVC plastic. Jelly shoes come in a large variety of brands and colors and the material is frequently infused with glitter. Its name refers to the semi-transparent materials with a jelly-like sheen. The shoes became a fad in the mid 1980s, when a pair could frequently be purchased for less than one US dollar. Like many other fashion trends from the 1980s, jellies have been revived a number of times since the late 1990s.

果冻鞋（jelly shoes或jellies）是由聚氯乙烯塑料制成的鞋。很多品牌都生产这种果冻鞋，颜色多样，而且生产时会在材料中添加闪闪的亮片。之所以叫jelly shoes，就是因为制造这种鞋的半透明材料会表现出类似果冻那样的色泽。果冻鞋在二十世纪八十年代中期曾经很流行，一双鞋售价不到一美元。像其他上世纪八十年代的时尚潮流一样，果冻鞋自上世纪九十年代以来曾经数次回归时尚前端。

The exact origins of the jelly shoes are unclear. A frequently offered explanation is that they were designed by a shoe maker in France after World War II, when there was a leather shortage in Europe. Another possibility is that the shoes were created somewhere in the late 1950s or early 1960s, when plastic became a commonplace material, and fashion designers began to experiment with it.

关于果冻鞋的起源，没有一个明确的说法。经常提到的一种说法是，果冻鞋是在二战后由一位法国的鞋匠设计的，当时欧洲正经历皮革短缺。另一种说法是，这种鞋大约是在上世纪五十年代后期或者六十年代早期出现的

两年，世界名校网络公开课受到热捧，各大字幕组争相出字幕，门户网站也争相购版权。一时间，追随网络公开课的人似乎都有点比别人先进一步的感觉。这些网络公开课在英语里叫Massive Open Online Course（MOOCThe phenomenon has been

likened by the president of Stanford University to \sweep aside conventional university education. Whether or not the rise of MOOCs will prove to warrant such hyperbole, there is no doubt that something very important is happening in the global system, raising profound questions about the very nature and future of higher education.

这一现象被斯坦福大学的校长比作“一场数字海啸”，称有可能将传统大学教育全部“冲走”。不论网络公开课的崛起是否真的会达到如此夸张的阶段，有一点可以肯定的是全球体系内正在发生一些重要的事情，并引发了对高等教育本质和将来的一些疑问。 At this early stage of the MOOC revolution, it is premature to predict the impacts on conventional higher education providers. The universities and private venture funds investing in this area openly acknowledge the high level of experimentation and

testing of waters involved. The current MOOC offerings are mostly digital versions of conventional pedagogies – what blogger Dan Butin has called \products in a Web 2.0 world\

在网络公开课发展的早期阶段，预言其对高等教育提供者的影响还为时尚早。投资该领域的高校和私人风险基金均空开表示其投资行为只是实验性质，纯属试水之举。目前网络公开课提供的课程大部分都是传统课堂教学过程的数字版本，博客作家丹?布汀将其称为“在web2.0的世界学习1.0的产品”。

This can and will change through the incorporation of the kinds of user interactivity already well-established in social media technologies. There is no inherent reason why MOOC-acquired learning cannot be accredited and recognized, especially as the market for degree-awarding powers opens up, subject perhaps to appropriate quality assurance arrangements.

这些状况都会随着社交媒体技术带来的用户互动行为而发生改变。通过网络公开课获取的知识没有理由不被认可，尤其是在确保质量的前提下，学位授予机构的市场已经开放。Obviously enough, webucation is education provided over the World Wide Web, a concept also sometimes called e-education. It refers to various ways of using the Internet to contribute to learning at a distance, in particular for bringing education to groups not previously well served. But it also includes school management systems, educational software, and ways to wire the classroom.

很明显，webucation（网络教育）就是通过万维网提供的教育，有时也叫做e-education（电子教育），指利用互联网通过各种途径提供远程教育，尤指为那些之前未能受到足够教育的人群提供的教育。webucation同时还包括学校管理体系、学习软件以及教室网络化的方法。

Webucation will be big, but will it be profitable? After all, the public has grown accustomed to getting information for free on the Web

（group polarization）指群体所作的决定一般都比其成员最初的意向更加极端。如果个人最初的意向是要冒险的话，那么群体的决定会更加冒险；而如果个人最初的想法

趋于谨慎的话，那么群体的决策会更加谨慎。这种现象也说明群体态度的变化趋势是个人最初态度经过集体讨论后被强化的表现。

Selfie就是“自拍照”，Red tape指大量多余又官僚的规定和死板章程，这些章程会阻碍行动或决策，中文译作“繁文缛节”或“官僚程序”，多见于政府、公司集团以及其他大型组织机构。

互联网的普及颠覆了传统媒体的信息传播方式，新闻不再是单向的，而是双向互动的。与互联网及移动媒体相对的那些传统媒体就可以叫做legacy mediaLegacy media指收音机、电视，及尤以报纸为代表的“老式”媒体，即“传统媒体”。传统媒体的信息接收者不会为媒体贡献内容，也没有任何互动，完全是被动接收的状态。 Legacy media is also slang for Web sites that use outdated technology or presentation styles. It's the opposite of new media.

Legacy media有时也用来指代那些使用过时技术或展现风格的网站，是与新媒体相对的媒体形式。

我们管“上有老，下有小”的中年一代叫做“三明治一代（sandwich generation）”，生动地描述了他们被夹在中间的困境。如今，随着人类寿命延长，不少五十多岁的人家里除了要照看孩子和孙子，还有年迈的父母需要照顾，压力比“三明治一代”还要大，因此被称为“多层三明治（”club-sandwich）。多层三明治一代（club-sandwich generation）指同时要照顾父母、孩子以及孙辈的一代人。

The \for children and aging parents is changing. Due to increased longevity, middle-aged children today are the first to be living in an age where a four- or five-generation family is becoming commonplace. More frequently, adult children in their 50s and 60s who are hoping to retire and enjoy long-anticipated freedom find themselves caught in what is described as a \very old parents of their own.

既要养育孩子又要照顾年迈父母的中年“三明治一代”情形正在发生变化。由于寿命延长，中年子女跟四、五代人住在一起的情况也逐渐普遍。更常见的情况是，五六十岁的人们希望退休后可以享受期盼已久的自由时光，结果却发现自己年迈的父母还要人照看，一下子落入了“多层三明治一代”。The IPOD generation stands for Insecure, Pressured, Over-taxed, and Debt-ridden.

\\IPOD一代”指的是Insecure（不稳定）、Pressured（有压力）、Over-taxed（过度缴税）以及Debt-ridden（负债累累）的一代人

。The phenomenon of adults moving back in with their parents has been nicknamed \ The adult children have also been called \

已经成年的年轻人搬回去跟父母一起居住这样的现象被戏称为“满巢症候群”。这些年轻人则被称为“回巢族