新深圳版八年级上册英语Unit5 - Educational - exchanges - 语法专项

用since 或者for 填空

1. I have studied English _______ 5 years.

2. I have studied English _______ 5 years ago.

3. I have studied English _______ 2008.

4. She has taught math _________ 3 years.

5. She has taught math _________ 3 years ago.

6. She has taught math _________ 2010.

4. 短暂性动词怎样和表示一段时间的状语连用。

英语中的短暂性动词，也叫做终止性动词、瞬间动词或非延续性动词，只表示一时的动作，在肯定句式中不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, leave, find, buy, arrive, give, stop, join, marry, die, begin, start, borrow, close, open, lend等。 eg. I have bought this book for three months. (×)

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：

（1）将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。 leave- have (has) been away from join- have (has) been (in) buy- have (has) had die- have (has) dead

close- be closed begin/start- be on go- be there finish- be over

come (arrive)- have (has) been here borrow- have (has) kept begin to work- have (has) worked open- have (has) been open get up- have (has) been up

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put on – have (has) on

come back- have (has) been back gone (left)- been away joined – been got to know – known

（2）时间状语的变化：把表时间的状语“for…”变为“数词+ 时间名词+ago”的短语形式。（即：将时间状语改为过去时间，并用一般过去时代替现在完成时） 如： 他参军五年了。（判断正误）

He has joined the Army for five years. ( ) He has been in the Army for five years. ( ) He joined the Army five years ago. ( ) 他离开济南三年了。

He has left Ji’nan for three years. ( )

He has been away from Ji’nan for three years. He left Ji’nan three years ago.

(3) 句子模式的变化。用句型“It is + 一段时间+ since从句”（从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式表示）如：

The old man died two years ago.

= The old man has been dead for two years. = It is two years since the old man died.

跟踪训练 句型转换。

1. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.

I _________ _________ a new book from the school library for two days. 2. She has gone there.

She _________ ________ there _________ yesterday. 3. The film has begun.

The film __________ ___________ ___________ __________ five minutes. 4. The boy has come back.

The boy _________ ___________ _________ for an hour. 5. The man in a hat has left.

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The man in a hat _________ _________ __________ _________ half an hour ago. 6. He has already died.

He ____________ ____________ ____________ for twenty years. 7. The young man has joined the League.

The young man ________ ________ __________ member _______ two years. The young man _____ ________ _______ _______ League ______ two years ago.

5. have been to/ have gone to/ have been in 三种结构的区别

（1）have been to 去过某地(现已离开)，可以与ever, never, once, twice等连用。

（2）has gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已在某地，总之现在还未回来。此句型一般用于第三人称。

（3） have been in 表示已在某地呆了多久，若该地为小地方则用at。 翻译：

你以前去过北京吗？___________________________ 吉姆已经去了伦敦。___________________________ 格林一家在中国已经两年了。_____________________

单项选择

( )1. I have ________ Beijing three times.

A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )2.---Where is Mike?

-----He has _______ London .

A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )3. Tony has never _______ China. He looks forward to coming to China A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at ( )4.Lucy has ________ China for 5 years.

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A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at

( )5.The teacher has ________ the village to teach the poor students for 10 years. A. been to B. gone to C. been in D. been at

6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

(1) 侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： Yesterday I went to the zoo. (仅说明昨天去了动物园，与现在无关) Li Lei has read the book. (说明李磊了解那本书的内容)

（2）连用的时间状语不同：一般过去时常与ago, yesterday, last…, in 2000, just now等连用。而现在完成时与already, yet, still, just, so far, in the last/ past…, before, ever, never, since…, for…等时间状语连用。 [注] 现在完成时不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago等过去时间状语连用。

综合训练

一、单项选择。

（ ）1. Miss Gao isn’t here. She ________ to the bus station to meet Mr. Brown. A. go

B. has gone

C. has been

D. would go

（ ）2. – How clean the bedroom is!

- Yes, I am sure that someone _______it. A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. has cleaned

D. had cleaned

（ ）3. Drison Break is the best American TV player that I _____ these years. A. watch

B. will watch

C. have watched

D.was watching

（ ）4. I’m not hungry because I ______ lunch already. A. have

B. had

C. am having

D. have had

（ ）5. – How long have Mr and Mrs Smith________? - For more than twenty years. A. married

B. had married

C. got married

D. been married

（ ）6. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.

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