2020年高考英语二轮复习考点学与练专题15 任务型阅读(高考押题)

答案：1.deserve 2.popularity/currency 3.express/convey 4.Cases 5.looking 6.tipped 7.developed/created/produced/made 8.majority

9．lack/shortage/absence 10.follow

C

When you listen to artists like Jay-Z, or Common, just the thought of freestyle rap might be frightening enough to make your shy away. Scientific research shows that rap might offer you an opportunity for self-exploration and expression. Besides, freestyle rap might improve your brain’s creative power, too, and when it does, it can free you from boredom and relax you from everyday tasks. Here’s how.

In a study, brain researcher Siyuan Liu and his colleagues compared freestyle rap and rehearsed rap of native English speakers to see how their brains operated under both conditions. When you perform a rehearsed act, the lateral prefrontal cortex(PFC)(额叶前皮层), which is instrumental in thought control and recall, is activated. But they found that for more spontaneous(自发的) singing, the lateral PFC is not activated because you rely more on strong emotions to find the right language without the distraction of prepared melodies. When trying to complete a task, your focused brain is essential. But for creativity, your brain must go into regrouping mode to avoid habits and form new ideas. Freestyle rap will train you to access this capacity in your brain.

During this rap study, left-sided brain regions which are responsible for language and movement were also activated. These regions are usually activated by the act of speaking, so there was no surprise that rapping had the same effect. However, freestyle rap causes these regions to be activated above normal, which indicates that something special occurs. Freestyle rap requires you to find novel words and phrases that rhyme. This search for unique language patterns is a way to train your brain to become more creative. However, words are not all the same. By making freestyle rap part of your everyday routine, you will add emotional weight to your words, allowing you to communicate in a more effective and accurate way.

The rehearsed and freestyle rappers in the study had no difference in movement. They produced the same number of syllables, and the primary movement areas in the brain were similar in both groups. However, there was greater involvement of secondary movement areas in freestyle rap. When secondary movement areas engage, the movement is more enriched. This is similar to the way an inspired figure skater moves as opposed to that of a well-rehearsed skater who goes on technically but without the same beautiful sense of timing. Secondary movement in rap reflects the demand for rap speed, the rushed need to find the best words, and the way such words fit with a rhythm. Consequently, when you want to express yourself at greater speed to catch someone’s attention or create a bigger impact in a meeting or something like that, your essay in freestyle rap can be of great help to you.

To understand the connections between the different brain regions, the researchers of the study expanded to further analyses. The results indicated that freestyle rap requires the brain to access special regions involved with emotion and motivation. This makes sense when you think about the emotional intensity(强度) behind Jay-Z’s rap tracks that require him to process information and storylines. In this way, freestyle rap reminds you to invest in what you truly care about. Rather than functioning like a robot in your day-to-day life, you can put your unique spin on things.

★It might enable you to explore and express Benefits of freestyle rap ★It can help you 1.________ yourself of boredom and daily tasks. ★Unlike rehearsed rap, performing freestyle rap 3.________ to activate the lateral PFC. ★When completing freestyle rap, you turn to your emotions and your brain becomes more You learn to let go focused. ★Freestyle rap trains your brain to be Four waysfreestyle rap 2．______ a betteryou You gain ★With freestyle rap, you need to search for 5．_____ to powerful words ★Freestyle rap helps give emotional weight to your words, allowing you to communicate effectively and accurately.

novel words and phrases in rhyme. creative—no longer under the 4.________ of your habits and forming new ideas. ★Freestyle rap can also activate your brain regions 6.________ for language and movement. yourself. ★It may empower your brain with creativity. ★Besides the primary movement areas’7.________ in both rapper groups, secondary movement areas are You become a fascinating speaker speed, word selection and ways to make words arranged in rhyme. ★Your attempt at freestyle rap can 8.________ you \\ in attracting others on occasions like a meeting. ★Freestyle rap requires the brain to access special You find emotional regions concerning emotion and motivation. ★Freestyle rap makes 9.________ on rappers to more activated in freestyle rap. ★Secondary movement in rap signals the need for richness and process information and storylines. motivation ★Freestyle rap reminds you to devote yourself to what really 10.________ you. 答案：1.rid 2.unlocks/makes 3.fails 4.control 5．access 6.responsible 7.involvement 8.benefit 9．demands 10.interests

D

Generally speaking, people often quickly return to a set level of happiness despite life’s ups and downs. For instance, people who win the lottery(彩票抽奖) tend to return to roughly their original level of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off. The same is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs. The change in the ability can be damaging at first, but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period. This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation(享乐适应)．

There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling great, but their effects can be relatively temporary. What’s more, we get used to them relatively quickly. If you have the same meal every day for a week, for example, you may find it to be less pleasurable by the end of the week. Satisfactions are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of “flow” where we don’t notice the passage of time and are thoroughly devoted to what we’re doing. Satisfactions are activities that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well. The more we devote, the more we enjoy!

Knowing that pleasures are temporary in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than satisfactions. There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, however. First, they bring a quick lift in the mood without a great deal of effort. This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in the mood can lead to a chain reaction of positive feelings. Second, satisfactions do take more effort, so when you only have a few minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.

Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and participate in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in life. For example, be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesn’t really matter what the hobby is; as long as it’s one you enjoy, you’ll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. It’s also a good idea to help other people as this can make your life more meaningful, and thus create greater happiness. Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then you’ll be reliving these positive experiences as you write about them, and can relive them again when you read.

Hedonic Adaptation Hedonic adaptation is a phenomenon where people 2.________ to The 1.______ of hedonic adaptation quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness in spite of major positive or negative events or life changes. ★Pleasures ·They are helpful in keeping our spirits up and making us feel cheerful, but such positive effects go 3.________． ·The longer they stay, the less happy people may feel. That is, Activities influenced by hedonic adaptation people’s 4.________ to them occurs after a very short period of time. ★Satisfactions ·Compared with pleasures, they take us more effort but can bring more lasting results. In other words, they are less affected by hedonic adaptation.