[小站教育]托福阅读120难句+分析

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分句1：in addition to… 分句2：what may seem … 分句3：the researcher is… 分句4：that has little… 1和2嵌套 1和3并列 3和4嵌套

57.Moreover，the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best．

(句子主干是the degree…helps determine…，从句to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed作degree的定语)

而且球果自然地轻微开口或紧紧关闭的程度有助于确定哪种喙的设计是最好的。 Hygiene

59.By comparison with these familiar yardsticks，the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large，but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration，in this case the distance that light travels in one year.

与这些熟悉的尺度相比，到太空的距离远得难以理解，但它们也通过使用一个时间的标尺而变得更加容易对付了，在这种情况下是光在一年内走过的距离。 分句1：the distance… 分句2：but they too 分句3：that… 1和2并列 2和3嵌套

60.The primary reason was skepticism that a railroad built through so challenging and thinly settled a stretch of desert，mountain，and semiarid plain could pay a profit． (that引导的从句作skepticism的同位语)

主要原因是存在一种怀疑主义，人们怀疑途经如此富于挑战性、人口稀疏的大片沙漠、山脉和半干旱平原的一条铁路能否获得利润。 分句1：the primary… 分句2：that a railroad… 1和2嵌套

61.The argument that humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense，at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group，seems fair．for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense．

(复合句，主句的主干是the argument…seems fair，其中从句that humans…had

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400-080-6358 www.zhan.com some number sense做argument的同位语) 人类甚至在史前已经有数字感，至少到有些物体被加到一小组里或者被拿走时能够辨别出“多了”还是“少了”的程度，这一观点似乎很合理，因为研究已经表明有些动物就有这样的意识。

分句1. The argument seems fair

分句2. humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense， 分句3. at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less 分句4. when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group 分句5. for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense． 1和5并列 2和3嵌套 3和4嵌套 1和2嵌套

分句1是前半句的主干，和分句5并列。分句2中包含一个插入结构：even in prehistoric times，分句3是分句2的状语；分句4是分句3的定语从句；分句2是分句1的同位语从句。

62.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely． (特殊结构such…as to——如此…以致)

空气污染物的一个有用定义是：一种直接或间接加入到空气里的化合物，其数量足以对人类、动物、植物或物质产生不利影响。

分句1.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to the atmosphere

分句2.in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely 1和2嵌套

分句2是分句1的补语

63．The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century，including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers．

(awareness…was tied to tremendous growth…为句子主干)

公众对一段时间内一直在发生的社会变化敏锐的、不断增强的意识，与19世纪晚期通俗新闻的巨大增长(包括杂志和报纸在数量和发行量上的增长)紧密相连。

分句1.The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century

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400-080-6358 www.zhan.com 分句2. had been taking place for some time

分句3.including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers 1和2嵌套 1和3嵌套

分句1是句子主干，分句2是分句1的同位语从句，分句3including现在分词是分句1中修饰tremendous growth的定语。 64．A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry，a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs，which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints． (被动语态)

已经使用照相测量法(一种通过照相获得测量数据的技术)对这些脚印进行了一项详细的研究，这种方法产生了一张显示脚印所有曲线和轮廓的照片。 分句1. A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry 分句2. a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs

分句3. which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints 2和3并列 1和2，3嵌套

1是主干，2和3都是1 : the prints using photogrammetry的定语：2是插入语，3是定语从句。

65．Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids，but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones． (特殊结构not merely…but also；比较结构)

因此脚印不仅仅为我们提供早期人类软组织的稀有印记，而且为我们提供了直立行走的证据，这些证据在许多方面比骨头分析所提供的证据更清楚。

分句1. Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early hominids

分句2. but also with evidence of upright walking

分句3. that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones 1和2 并列 2和3嵌套

2中省略：Footprints provide；3是2的同位语从句 66．In fact，throughout the animal kingdom，from sponges to certain types of worms，shellfish，and all vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column), there is evidence that transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals．

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400-080-6358 www.zhan.com (从句that transplants…are accepted…作evidence的同位语)

实际上，从海绵到某些种类的蠕虫、有壳的水生动物和所有的脊椎动物(有脊柱的生物)的整个动物界都有证据表明，进入动物体的细胞或组织片断移植只有在来自基因上相容或关系密切的个体时才被接受。

分句1. In fact，throughout the animal kingdom，from sponges to certain types of worms，shellfish，and all vertebrates(creatures possessing a spinal column)， 分句2. there is evidence

分句3. transplants of cells or fragments of tissues into an animal are accepted only if they come from genetically compatible or closely related individuals 1和2嵌套 2和3嵌套

1是2的状语，3是2的同位语从句

67．In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century，and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies．

(特殊结构much as…and as…——就像…以及…一样)

20年代，爵士乐成为舞蹈音乐中最热门的新事物，正如世纪之交流行的拉格泰姆音乐，以及40年代节奏与布鲁斯，50年代摇滚乐，和70年代迪斯科将会流行一样。

分句1. In the twenties，jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, 分句2. much as ragtime had at the turn of the century

分句3. and as would rhythm and blues in the forties，rock in the fifties，and disco in the seventies． 1和2嵌套 2和3并列

2是1的补语。2中包含much as…and as的并列结构。

68．They made these quilt until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775，when everything English came to be frowned upon．

(when引导的定语从句修饰1775；flown upon——对…表示不满)

他们一直做这种被子，直到1775年美国革命来临，当时美国人对英国的任何东西都表示不满。

71． Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.

(Farm dwellers…not only found it harder to…，but also…felt it necessary to…为句子

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