（word完整版）8BUnit3Presentperfecttense（译林版八年级下册）现在完成时

Present perfect tense

现在完成时VS一般过去时

1．Simple past tense and present perfect tense -般过去时和现在完成时 一般过去时和现在完成时有何区别？

(1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。 说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。 He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只说明去桂林的时间）

(2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，不与确定的过去的时间状语连用。

Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑） (3)两种时态构成形式上的区分。

①一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have/has＋动词的过去分词”。

The film started at 7 0'clock.电影在7点钟开始的。

He has been a teacher for many years.他已经做教师许多年了。 ②一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

如：yesterday，last week，two years ago，just now，in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just，already，ever，never等副词和these days，this week，since…，for…等表示一段时间的状语连用。

③现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范畴，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。 Who opened the door?

谁开的门？（只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上）

Who has opened the door? 谁把门开了？（强调门现在依然还开着） 现在完成时不能与明确的过去的时间状语连用。

如：three days ago，last year，yesterday，last Sunday，in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时。另外，过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生了变化，也应用一般过去时。

[注意] 如果这些过去的时间状语前面有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。

He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.他前天看完了这本书。 My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.我的堂妹自从2009年就在南京了。

④现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后面只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where，why等疑问词连用。 When did the train leave? 火车是什么时候离开的？ ⑤since引导的时间状语从句，后面的从句用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。 We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. 自从两年前来到学校我们就互相认识了。

⑥有些时间状语，如this morning，this month，tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则包括“现在”在内。 I saw him this morning.我今天早上看到他的。（时间已不在上午了） I have seen him this morning.我今天早上看到他了。（说话时间还是上午）

He lived in New York for eight years.他曾在纽约住了8年。（他现在已经不在纽约住了） He has lived in New York for eight years.他住在纽约已经8年了。（他现在还在纽约居住） 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ①I_______ (see) Tom last Friday.

②_______you_______ (go) to the Great Wall last summer? ③---Where_______ you_______ (put) your pen?

---I_______ (put) it in my pencil-box, but it's nowhere to be found. ④When_______ you_______ (start) to live in China? ⑤---The train_______ (leave) already. ---When_______ the train_______ (leave)?

2. I have never seen so many wonderful pictures before.以前我从来没有见过这么多美妙的图片。

[指点迷津]so many修饰可数名词复数，修饰不可数名词用so much。 I have so many good friends.我有如此多的好朋友。

Why is there so much food today? 今天为什么有如此多的菜？ ( ) There are_______ people here. It's very crowded.

A. so many B. so much C. too much D. much too 【课堂练习】

一、写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。

1．lie ________ _________ 2．ride ________ _________ 3．study ________ _________ 4．catch ________ _________ 5．send ________ _________ 6．drop________ _________ 7．check ________ _________ 8．see________ __________ 9．teach ________ _________ 10．buy________ _________ 二、单项选择。

( ) 1．- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. -I _______ in Beijing. I've just come back. A. hadn't seen; am B. haven't seen; was

C. didn't see; will be D. haven't seen; shall be ( )2．The last time I_______ to the cinema was two years ago． A．go B．have gone C．have been D．went

( )3．Our maths teacher ________in our school for 20 years and he ________there when he was 25 years old．

A．taught；comes B．taught；came C．has taught；came D．has taught；has come

( )4．Jackson _______school two years ago and he _______for two years． A．1eaves；has gone B．1eft；has been away C．1eaves；has been away D．1eft；has gone ( )5．一I called you yesterday evening, but you were not home. 一Sorry，I _______in the shop with my mother．

A．am B．will be C．was D．have been ( )6．一Dad，please tell me when Mum________．I miss her very much,

一She will return when she ______her task(任务)．And she will bring a nice present for you．

A．returns；finishes B．returns；will finish C．will return；finishes D．will return；will finish ( )7．一That’s a nice mobile phone．

一It is．My aunt________ it for me last birthday．

A．buy B．will buy C．have bought D．bought 二、句型与翻译。

1．The teachers left the office a few minutes ago.（改为现在完成时）

The teachers _______ _______ _______ _______ the office for a few minutes. 2. 我的梦想是长大后环球旅行．

My dream is to ______________ when I grow up.

3．Tony在这次英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖，可他从来没有梦想过。

____________________________________________________________________________ 4．布朗先生已经离开无锡三个多月了，他将于一周后返回。

____________________________________________________________________________ 3．Tony got the first prize in the English speech contest this time, but he never dreamed／dreamt of／about it． 4．Mr. Brown has been away from Wuxi for more than three months．He will come back in a week．