江苏省盐城市2018届高三第三次模拟考试-英语含答案解析

53. A. screamed 54. A. bonus 55. A. multiplied B. barked B. deposit B. combined C. threw C. reward C. exploited D. shot D. gain

D. separated

第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

A Yale education emphasizes the importance of learning for public service. Founded in 1886, Dwight Hall at Yale is a student-run, staff-supported public service and social action organization. Below is a list of some active programs, which can be searched by name, cause, or type of service.

Logo Overview AIDS Walk New Haven Cause(s): Health & Medicine Types of service: Fundraising and Financial NEW HAVEN Mission A 5K off-campus walk to raise money to provide support services to individuals and families infected and affected by HIV/AIDS in the greater New Haven community. Our goals are to raise money, increase public awareness, promote prevention through advocacy. We are an undergraduate organization working to bring national American Red Cross projects to the Yale campus. Working with our local New Haven chapter to organize projects such as first aid and CPR training. We use Yale University’s significant people resources to provide essential blood supplies to hospitals and patients. Support Application: Join anytime! American Red Cross at Yale Cause(s): Health & Medicine Types of service: Direct Service Advocacy and Education Application: Join anytime! Best Buddies International Cause(s): Children & Youth People with Disabilities Types of service: Direct Service Advocacy and Education Application: Join anytime! The mission of Best Buddies Internationalis to establish a global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for one-to-one friendships, integrated employment and leadership development for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. ·5·

Bridges ESL provides free English language Bridges ESL Cause(s): Education & Literacy Types of service: Direct Service Application: Join anytime! lessons to individuals in the Yale and New Haven community who want or need to improve their communication skills and bridge their language gap. These individuals will acquire the English skills needed to be effective in the family, the university, the workplace, and the community. Volunteer tutors are at the heart of our program. Become a volunteer today! 56. Which of the following is TRUE in terms of health and medicine causes? A. Volunteers will provide direct support services to AIDS victims. B. AIDS Walk New Haven is targeted at Yale HIV-infected students.

C. American Red Cross at Yale encourages Yale students to donate blood. D. Those joining American Red Cross at Yale should be medical experts.

57. As a new foreign university freshman, he/she is likely to benefit from ______. A. AIDS Walk New Haven B. American Red Cross at Yale C. Best Buddies D. Bridges ESL

B

Personally, I love writing reviews of any kind mostly because that way I can put all my thoughts about the subject on the paper. Before we go on, I have to mention it is different when you write a review for yourself i.e. your blog or website and for your professor in college.

To an untrained eye, reviews may seem pointless. What’s the point of writing about something when other people and your professor have already read the book? Isn’t it enough to talk about it in the class?

Just as movie reviews develop your critical thinking, book reviews do the same. It is not enough to read a book and call it a day; you have to establish your opinion, your likes, and dislikes. When a professor gives you this assignment, he/she wants to see your abilities to analyze the book and use vocabulary skills to discuss different parts of the plot.

Since we are accustomed to writing book reports at a very young age, it comes as no surprise we don’t think book reviews are different than a book report. Contrary to the popular belief, book reviews and book reports are two different types of writing. Knowing how they differ is essential for writing a high-quality paper that will guarantee a good grade.

Book reports usually centre around topical details about the author and the plot of the story. On the other hand, a book review is a more complicated approach to understanding and discussing a book. It doesn’t centre around a summary of each section, but you have to carry out a thorough analysis. As you grow and develop as a student, so does your ability to think critically. You don’t just sum up what you’ve just read but analyze every piece of the puzzle in order to show the ability not only to pay attention to detail but also engage thinking critically. Here, you have to be careful that you aren’t, actually, just retelling the story.

While book reviews may contain some elements of book reports e.g. author, characters, plot, the emphasis is to provide a more detailed insight, go deeper and elaborate strengths and weaknesses of the book, and discuss the elements of the story.

You know the difference between book reports and book reviews, now what? Now you’re ready to

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begin the assignment. In order to write a thorough book review, you have to pay attention to everything about the book, which is why writing down the information about the author, genre etc. is strongly advised. That’s why you’ll need a pen and notebook where you can write everything.

58. According to the passage, what should be done before starting to write a review? A. Identifying the target reader. B. Consulting with your professor. C. Developing an interest in reviews. D. Listing all your thoughts on the paper.

59. The author shows the importance of a book review mainly by ______. A. giving a solid example B. making a reasonable assumption C. drawing a valid comparison D. providing a detailed description 60. Where does the fundamental difference between a report and a review lie? A. Objective summary. B. Critical comments. C. Thorough comprehension. D. Personal abilities.

C

The world’s most complex biological computer, made from a group of engineered cells, could one day be implanted into the body to detect diseases and deliver treatments.

In an early research in 2012, Martin Fussenegger at ETH Zurish in Switzerland and his colleagues engineered two kidney cells to become a biological circuit capable of simple mathematics. One of the cells was able to calculate addition: the presence or absence of each of two chemicals would switch on a reaction inside the cell that would make it shine different colours. The other cell worked in the same way but could subtract amounts. This kind of biological circuit resembles a simple logic circuit in a computer. In theory, it could be used to indicate the presence of an infectious substance while in fact it failed.

Most biological reactions in the body aren’t that simple, though. They rarely rely on ―one input and one output‖ – instead, multiple inputs lead to different outputs. For instance, a high level of calcium in the body in the presence of a specific hormone may suggest one disease, but a high level of calcium along with another hormone might indicate a completely different condition.

To be more practical, biological computers need to be able to perform more complex mathematics. However, it is hard to pack multiple calculations into a single cell. To get around this, Fussenegger and his team have engineered a multicellular system, in which different cells each perform a separate calculation and pass on the results to each other.

The system has nine cells, each containing a biochemical reaction that responds to three chemical inputs – similar to an AND, NOT and OR system in a traditional electronic circuit. These cells coordinate their activities by releasing chemicals that pass from one cell to the other. Together, they form a fully biological circuit that can respond to multiple inputs.

―Although it is not at a stage yet where we can test on animals, we believe it is the most complex biological computer ever assembled,‖ says Fussenegger. ―This work addresses one of the major limitations in synthetic biology (合成生物学) – a lack of programmable devices,‖ says ángel Goni-Moreno, a synthetic biologist at Newcastle University, UK. He says that Fussenegger’s multicellular approach enables you to programme the circuit and achieve different calculations just by connecting the nine cells in different configurations (设置).

In the future, a biological computer like this could be used to monitor more complex medical conditions. For example, it could respond to a rise in calcium, a drop in a hormone and an increase in a

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biomarker, which together would signal the presence of a specific type of cancer, help diagnose it and alert the user to seek appropriate treatment.

61. The underlined word ―subtract‖ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. add up B. take away C. split up D. give away 62. What was the progress made in Fussenegger’s early research? A. A biological circuit was implanted in one of kidney cells. B. The indication of infectious substances became a reality. C. Engineered kidney cells could switch on biological reactions. D. Certain cells were made capable of performing mathematics.

63. What has made Fussenegger’s current multicellular system so special? A. It has all the functions of a traditional electronic circuit.

B. It is programmable and able to perform different mathematics. C. It has successfully packed multiple calculations into a single cell. D. It has been tested through a series of experiments on animals. 64. What is the best title for the passage? A. Smart cells indicating various cancers B. Electronic circuit made from multi-cells

C. Programmable cells implanted in human bodies D. Biological computer made from human cells

D

According to Guglielmo Cavallo and Roger Chartier, reading aloud was a common practice in the ancient world, the Middle Ages, and as late as the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Readers were ―listeners attentive to a reading voice,‖ and ―the text addressed to the ear as much as to the eye.‖ The significance of reading aloud continued well into the nineteenth century.

Using Charles Dickens’s nineteenth century as a point of departure, it would be useful to look at the familial and social uses of reading aloud and reflect on the functional change of the practice. Dickens habitually read his work to a domestic audience or friends. In his later years he also read to a broader public crowd. Chapters of reading aloud also abound in Dickens’s own literary works. More importantly, he took into consideration the Victorian practice when composing his prose, so much so that his writing is meant to be heard, not only read on the page.

Performing a literary text orally in a Victorian family is well documented. Apart from promoting a pleasant family relationship, reading aloud was also a means of protecting young people from the danger of solitary (孤独的) reading. Reading aloud was a tool for parental guidance. By means of reading aloud, parents could also introduce literature to their children, and as such the practice combined leisure and more serious purposes such as religious cultivation in the youths. Within the family, it was commonplace for the father to read aloud. Dickens read to his children: one of his surviving and often-reprinted photographs features him posing on a chair, reading to his two daughters.

Reading aloud in the nineteenth century was as much a class phenomenon as a family affair, which points to a widespread belief that Victorian readership primarily meant a middle-class readership. Those who fell outside this group tended to be overlooked by Victorian publishers. Despite this, Dickens, with his publishers Chapman and Hall, managed to distribute literary reading materials to people from different social classes by reducing the price of novels. This was also made possible with the technological and mechanical advances in printing and the spread of railway networks at the time.

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