2018届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练三段落大意类

阅读理解主旨大意题专练(三) 段落大意类

A

(2017·烟台诊断)

Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.

“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents' health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.

The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.

Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn't a relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while non-helpers lived for four years on average.

“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.

Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering. “Children should take_into_account their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested.

“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help’ means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity (强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”

体裁：议论文 题材：社会文化 主题：祖父母适当照顾孙辈对身体有益

【语篇导读】 德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。

1．What is the caregiving study based on? A．Human evolutionary history. B．Demand of modern society. C．Social contact between relatives. D．Data on many elderly people.

解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70.可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。

2．In Arpino's opinion, childcare ________. A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people

解析：B 推理判断题。根据题干中的Arpino's opinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society...”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。

3．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?

A．Limit. B．Ignore. C．Favor. D．Consider.

解析：D 词义猜测题。根据上文中too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities及后面的“... their parents' needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take into account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。

4．What does the last paragraph tell us?

A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.

解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well

as for yourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。

长难句分析：Overall, after accounting for grandparents' age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20-year period was one-third lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren, compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.

句式分析：本句为主从复合句。其中，Overall在此为副词，在句中作状语；after为介词，其后接动名词短语作宾语；两个who均引导定语从句；compared with grandparents who...为过去分词短语作状语。

句意：总的来说，在考虑祖父母的年龄和大致的健康状况后，与那些没照顾孙辈的祖父母相比，那些照顾孙辈的祖父母在20年间的死亡风险要低三分之一。

B

(2017·湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试)

Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we can't hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when we're at our best, and when we're at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.

But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then it's reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things — deaths, break-ups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events.

I want to admit I'm a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.

See, my dog — and 24/7 companion — was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet.

It is suggested in the book Adult Crying：A Biopsychosocial Approach that there's certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves.

In those days after my dog's death, I remember thinking, “I've got to stop this

crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. I've since realised that tears are for everybody; they're not gender-specific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方法。

【难句分析】 However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.

分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。

译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一 次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。

5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．Crying is a raw human emotion. B．Crying is an emotion beyond control. C．Crying is an emotion showing sadness. D．Crying is an emotion showing happiness.

解析：A 考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。

6．What's the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?

A．They cry over different matters. B．They cry at different times of life. C．Women cry more often over deaths. D．Men are more likely to have tears of joy.

解析：D 考查细节理解。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it comes to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。

7．What did the author think of his crying over his dog's death? A．A sign of strength. B．A sign of weakness. C．Behavior of being womanish.