武汉大学博士英语真题2006年

意代表他所在的州出席大陆会议或美国国会会议。显然这些活动很有影响力，只是持续的时间较短。

8.

The author seems to be especially impressed by the fact that ______.

A Mason, a responsible citizen, resisted for so long the obligation to represent his state in politics

B Mason, having so little political inclination, turned out to be such an influential statesman

C Mason was willing to leave home and family for public service D Mason could be a devoted family man and a statesman at the same time

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:B

作者印象尤其深刻的是，梅森不大爱好政治，结果成为一名有影响力的政治家。文章最后一句说，梅森成为一名政治家，他的工作一直影响着数百万在他之后出生的人的生活和命运。

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive

accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serius problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily

learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be bumped into- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract

numbers--the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threenes that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far from innate.

9.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A Trends in teaching mathematics to childre B The use of mathematics in child psycholog

C The development of mathematical ability in childre

D The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must lear

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答案:C

本文主要讨论儿童数学能力的发展。作者在第一段说，人们的计算能力似乎与生俱来，孩子学会走路和谈话以后不久，他们就在桌子上设置餐具，计算餐具的数量，掌握了加法以后，他们继续学习减法。第二段说，研究表明，孩子们逐步地、努力地掌握数学基础知识。所以C。

10.

It con be inferred from the passage that children onrmally learn simple counting ______.

A soon after they learn to talk B by looking at the clock

C when they begin to be mathematically mature D after they reach the second grade in school

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答案:A

根据短文可以推断，孩子通常在学会谈话之后不久，便学习简单的计算。关于这一点，第一段第三句讲得最清楚。

11.

The author implies that most small children believe that the quantity of water changes when it is transferred to a container of a different ______.

A color

B quality C weight D shape

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答案:D

作者暗示，大多数的小孩认为，当水被转移到一个不同形状的容器以后，水的数量起了变化。答案的依据是：?as they refused，for instance，to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one。

12.

With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likely to agree?

A Children naturally and easily learn mathematic B Children learn to add before they learn to subtrac

C Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical developmen D Mathematical development is subtle and gradua

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:A

作者不大可能同意“孩子能够自然而然并且轻而易举地学好数学”这一观点。作者在第二段说，研究表明，数学基础知识是逐步掌握的，而且需要付出努力。 If a new charter of the rights of people (in the First World, or North, or whatever you like to call the part where people to not on the whole starve) were to be drawn up, there is no doubt that the right to be a tourist, to go to a Spanish beach or to visit places endorsed as being of cultural or scenic interest, would be prominent among its clauses. The mythology of tourism is that of the idyll--of outdoor pleasures, eating, drinking and love-making with neither hangover nor remorse. But whereas the ancient poets knew that idylls were an art form, modern tourists are persuaded to believe that they can be bought for the price of a plane ticket and a hotel room. So it is not surprising that so many tourists look bewildered, dazed, even at times despondent.

They are exchanging the comforts of home, where a particular way of living has been laboriously and lovingly created, for the uncertainty of existence in a foreign place, the soullessness of hotels, the wear and

tear of constant travel. To be translated suddenly into an unfamiliar environment is an alienating experience, if not an unpleasant trauma. Another reason why tourists in reality do not look as happy as the smiliing figures in the brochures is that the activities open to them, far from liberating, are both limited and unbalanced. Lying on a beach and visiting museums may be fine in their different ways, but to do either continuously for days on end must constitute a kind of hell.

The strongest arguments against tourism, however, are based on the damage it does to the countries which are toured against rather than those which tour. The most striking examples are in the \World\Cultures which have survived centuries of armed assault have not been able to resist this more insidious form of colonization: the dollar is mightier than the sword.

Physical environment and culture may suffer, but the apologists for tourism argue that great economic benefits are produced. This is not the case. At least in Third World countries, most of the foreign money brought in goes straight out again, via the foreign-owned companies which exploit tourism. The jobs created by tourism are for the most part menial and low-paid. In the long term, above all, the effect of reliance on tourism must be to reduce a country to a servile, parasitical condition, selling its past and its image to richer, more dynamic people who are in control of their destiny, and in the end, that of the country they are visiting.

13.

The first sentence indicates that ______.

A people have a universal claim to holidays abroad

B tourists turn a blind eye to the poverty in the countries they visit C holidays overseas are considered essential by people in Western societies

D People seem to appreciate the right to a holiday more than any other right

该题您未回答:х 该问题分值: 2

答案:C

第一句暗示，在西方社会，人们认为在海外度假很有必要。第一句的大意是：如果要起草新的人权纲领，毫无疑问，当游客去西班牙海滩或参观一些被公认为风景名胜的地方的权利会在纲领的条款中占有突出的地位。

14.