02 - linux命令总结

LINUX常用命令

DU

查看各个文件和目录使用了多少空间

[oracle@ogg2 OGG2]$ du –h—以单位KB显示 4.0K ./dirout 4.0K ./dirdat 8.0K ./dirprm 4.0K ./dirsql 4.0K ./dirver/oos 4.0K ./dirver/params 4.0K ./dirver/report 4.0K ./dirver/lock 4.0K ./dirver/status 4.0K ./dirver/trace 4.0K ./dirver/oosxml 32K ./dirver 18M ./dirjar 8.0K ./dirpcs

80K ./UserExitExamples/ExitDemo_lobs

76K ./UserExitExamples/ExitDemo_more_recs 88K ./UserExitExamples/ExitDemo

64K ./UserExitExamples/ExitDemo_passthru 84K ./UserExitExamples/ExitDemo_pk_befores 396K ./UserExitExamples 4.0K ./dirchk 8.0K ./dirrpt 4.0K ./dirdef 36K ./cfg 4.0K ./dirtmp 613M . 整个目录占613M

指定目录查看大小：du /root -h [root@ogg2 ~]# du /root -h 196K /root/.gstreamer-0.10 4.0K /root/.eggcups 212K /root/.scim/pinyin 4.0K /root/.scim/sys-tables

220K /root/.scim

8.0K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/host-ogg2/0 12K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/host-ogg2 8.0K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/host-ogg1/0 12K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/host-ogg1 28K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard 32K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/peripherals

8.0K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/accessibility/keyboard 12K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome/accessibility 48K /root/.gconf/desktop/gnome

LS

Ls –a显示隐藏文件. root@ogg2 ~]# ls -al total 268

drwxr-x--- 17 root root 4096 Jul 4 10:02 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root root 4096 Jul 9 00:45 ..

-rw------- 1 root root 1359 Aug 11 2013 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw------- 1 root root 8350 Jul 4 10:19 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 24 Jul 13 2006 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 Jul 13 2006 .bash_profile -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Jul 13 2006 .bashrc drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 2013 .chewing -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 100 Jul 13 2006 .cshrc

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2013 Desktop -rw------- 1 root root 26 Aug 11 2013 .dmrc drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 2013 .eggcups -rw------- 1 root root 16 Jan 20 09:57 .esd_auth drwx------ 4 root root 4096 Jul 4 10:02 .gconf drwx------ 2 root root 4096 Jul 4 10:19 .gconfd drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 11 2013 .gnome drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Jan 20 09:57 .gnome2 [root@ogg2 ~]# ls /opt/--显示其他目录情况 ORCLfmap VBoxGuestAdditions-4.2.0_RC2

GROUPDEL/GROUPADD

删除组命令/添加组命令

[root@ogg2 ~]# groupadd wugang [root@ogg2 ~]# id

uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),1(bin),2(daemon),3(sys),4(adm),6(disk),10(wheel) [root@ogg2 ~]# groupdel wugang [root@ogg2 ~]# groupdel wugang

groupdel: group wugang does not exist

USERDEL/USERADD

删除用户/添加用户

root@ogg2 ~]# useradd wugang [root@ogg2 ~]# userdel wugang [root@ogg2 ~]# useradd wugang Creating mailbox file: File exists

useradd: warning: the home directory already exists. Not copying any file from skel directory into it. [root@ogg2 ~]# userdel wugang [root@ogg2 ~]# userdel wugang userdel: user wugang does not exist

将wugangnihao这个用户加载到hello这个组 [root@ogg2 ~]# useradd -g hello wugangnihao

TOP

当前系统运行了哪些程序

top - 09:01:50 up 17 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.02, 0.06

Tasks: 83 total, 2 running, 81 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1129072k total, 438220k used, 690852k free, 46388k buffers Swap: 1409016k total, 0k used, 1409016k free, 285864k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 327 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:00.32 kjournald 2534 root 15 0 12728 1064 824 R 0.3 0.1 0:00.16 top 1 root 15 0 10348 696 584 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.51 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.32 events/0 6 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khelper 16 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthread [root@ogg2 ~]# top -oralce

top: unknown argument 'o'

usage: top -hv | -bcisSHM -d delay -n iterations [-u user | -U user] -p pid [,pid ...]

[root@ogg2 ~]# top -u oracle—显示oralce用户进程

top - 09:04:29 up 19 min, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.04

Tasks: 83 total, 2 running, 81 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.7%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.3%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1129072k total, 437848k used, 691224k free, 46388k buffers Swap: 1409016k total, 0k used, 1409016k free, 285864k cached

PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 2399 oracle 15 0 90116 1772 1004 R 0.0 0.2 0:01.05 sshd 2400 oracle 15 0 68240 1680 1248 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.03 bash

DF

显示磁盘分区情况

[root@ogg2 ~]# df –h—以M显示

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

28G 9.6G 17G 37% /

/dev/sda1 99M 13M 82M 13% /boot tmpfs 552M 0 552M 0% /dev/shm DF-T显示文件系统每个磁盘分区 [root@ogg2 ~]# df -T

Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

ext3 28979984 10007940 17476188 37% / /dev/sda1 ext3 101086 12452 83415 13% /boot

tmpfs tmpfs 564536 0 564536 0% /dev/shm [root@ogg2 ~]# df -TH

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

ext3 30G 11G 18G 37% /

/dev/sda1 ext3 104M 13M 86M 13% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 579M 0 579M 0% /dev/shm [root@ogg2 ~]# df -TH -t ext3—只显示ext3的文件系统

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

ext3 30G 11G 18G 37% /

/dev/sda1 ext3 104M 13M 86M 13% /boot

[root@ogg2 ~]# df -TH -x ext3—显示出了exts文件系统的其他系统分区情况