【走向高考】2015届高考英语(人教版浙江专用)大一轮复习精讲语法专项6：名词性从句

语法专项(六) 名词性从句

考点一 主语从句

1．主语从句的引导词通常是：

who，that，which，what，when，where，how，whether，why等。

What matters most in learning English is enough practice. 学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。

That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.

长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。 [考题印证]

(2013·东北三省三校高三一联)It is ________ Tom often breaks the school rules ________ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.

A．what; that C．that; that

B．that; what D．which; that

解析：考查名词性从句和强调句型。分析句子结构可知，第二空是“it is...that”的强调句型；而第一空则是主语从句，且从句中并不缺少必要的成分，所以只能用that连接。故选C。

答案：C

2．it作形式主语。

主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中，即：

It＋be＋adj./n.＋that-clause。

It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.

显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。

[考题印证]

(2013·东北三省四市高三二联)It gives his life a flying start ________ he has gone abroad for further education.

A．what C．that

B．when D．how

解析：考查名词性从句。句意为：出国深造给他的生活带来了质的飞跃。分析句子成分后可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语为从句“he has gone abroad for further education”，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。

答案：C

3．whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句。 (1)whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示“任何??的人都，凡是??的人都”。

Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 无论是谁违反法律都将受到惩罚。

(2)whatever相当于anything that，表示“所??的一切，无论??”。

Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里所说的一切都要保密。

(3)whichever意为“无论哪个；无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。

Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me. 你选哪本书不关我的事。 [考题印证]

(2013·江西，30)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.

A．Whoever C．Whichever

B．Whatever D．Wherever

解析：考查代词的用法。句意：你们当中无论哪一个打破窗子，都要照价赔偿。四个选项中能与one连用的只有which(ever)，故选C。

答案：C

考点二 宾语从句 1．宾语从句的引导词：

that，what，whether，if，where，when，whatever，whoever等。

People in Chongqing are proud of what they have achieved in the past ten years.

重庆人以过去十年取得的成就而自豪。 [考题印证1]

(2013·全国Ⅰ，26)Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.

A．which C．how

B．where D．what

解析：本题考查宾语从句。句意：警察已发现看起来像那件丢失的古代雕像的东西。宾语从句中缺少主语，which哪一个；what什么，故D项正确。

答案：D [考题印证2]

(2013·北京，33)Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

A．why C．that

B．where D．what

解析：本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：专家认为只有必要的时候才购物，人们才能浪费少量的食品。分析结构可知，此处是Experts believe作主句，that引导的宾语从句，从句不缺少成分。why在句中要作原因状语；where要作地点状语；what要作主语、宾语、表语。故正确答案为C。

答案：C

2．由whatever，whichever，whoever，whosever引导的宾语从句。

You may do whatever(anything that) you like. 你可以做任何你喜欢的事。

Return the book to whosever (anyone whose) name is on it. 把书还给书上写名字的人。 3．介词后的宾语从句。

Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school. 汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时上学迟到。

I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. 我总是在考虑如何提高口语。

4．形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)。

We're glad that our football team has won the match. 我们很高兴我们的足球队赢了比赛。 5．it作形式宾语。

在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾补的后面，用形式宾语it来代替它，此时，that一般不可省。

I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.