上海市长宁区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测英语试卷

aside，then, and the auroral___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary

disturbance，more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.

Ill. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __ 41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __ 42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.

A new study further __ 43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __ 44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for _ 45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more _ 46__ explanation One possibility is that an individual practices _ 47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By _ 48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may _ 49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior _ 50_ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of _ 51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) _ 52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the _ 53__ appeared to be true

Anthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often,

in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or _ 54__ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more _ 55__ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”

41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual 42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting 43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests 44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident 45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual 46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official 47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance 48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining 49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from 50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes 51. A. regular

B. dominant B. audience

C. potential C. feedback

D. previous D. judge D. opposite

52. A. atmosphere 53. A. statistics

B. expectation

C. argument

54. A. responsibility 55. A. strongly

B. punishment

B. causally

C. arrangement

D. difficulty

D. fearlessly

C. delicately

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

What to endure before publication?

It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.

For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.

Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.

56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____. A. a good publisher

B. too much thinking D. frequent revisions

C. tons of working time

57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel? A. They spend every minute with the novel.

B. They treat the novel as a lover.

C. They go out with some readers for dinner. D. They hurt themselves to stay awake. 58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____. A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath away

B. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readers C. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistake D. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety

59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph? A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing. B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write. C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel. D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.

（B）

Top Six Most Challenged Books in 2017

Office for Intellectual Freedom (OIF) in the States tracked 354 challenges (formal attempts to remove or restrict access to library materials and services) to library, school, and university materials and services in2017. Some individual challenges resulted in requests to restrict or remove multiple titles. Overall, 416 books were targeted. Here are the \Books in 2017”.

1 Thirteen Reasons Why By Jay Asher Originally published in 2007. this New York Times bestseller has resurfaced as a debatable book after Netflix aired a TV series by the same name. This young adult novel was challenged and banned in multiple school districts, for it discusses self-killing. 3 GEORGE By Alex Gino Written for elementary-age children, this Lambda Literary Award winner was challenged and banned because it includes a transgender child. 2 Drama 5 To Kill a Mockingbird