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such和so都可以用来表示程度,意思是“如此;这样”,但用法却不相同。
1.such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前有无形容词都可以;so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词,形容词后可以省略名词。例如: He is such a(big)fool.他是个(大)傻瓜。
He is so foolish(a man).他是如此愚蠢(的一个人)。
2.单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时,so和such的位置不同。前者为“so+形容词+冠词+名词”,后者为“such +冠词+形容词+名词”。例如: I know such a clever boy.我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 I know so clever a boy.我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。
3.so后即使有形容词,也不能修饰复数名词或不数名词,而such则可以。例如: They are such useful books.它们是如此有用的书。 He gave us such good food.他给了我们这么好的食物。
4.名词前有表示“多、少”意义的many,much,few,little等修饰词时,要用so,不用such。例如:
There are so many flowers in our school garden.我们学校的花园里有那么多的花。
You'll find English a bridge to so much knowledge.你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。 I have so little money that I can't lend you any.我的钱很少,不能借给你。 5.当little表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时,其前只能用such,不能用so。例如: I have never seen such little sheep before.我以前从没见过这么小的绵羊。
neither和either的用法
1.共同点:
1)它们都可用作主语、宾语和定语。 例如:①Neither of the books is good.(主) ②He phoned neither of us yesterday.(宾) ③Neither way is correct.(定)
④I don’t think either of them is at home.(主)
⑤Here are two knives.You can take either of them.(宾) ⑥There are shops on either side of the street.(定) 2)Neither和either作定语时,其后的名词都用单数。例如: Neither book gives the answer.
There are tall buildings on either side of the road. 2.不同点:
neither是表示“两都不”的否定说法,而either是表示“两人或两物中任何一个”的肯定说法。 注意:
A.either作为副词表示“也”,不同于too,also,either通常用于否定句的末尾,too通常用于肯定句的句 末;而also通常用于肯定句和疑问句中,其位置一般用在be动词之后,其它动词之前。如:
①Tom has been to Beijing.Mary has been to Beijing____(96江西) A.neither B.either C.too D.also 此题应选C。
②She is also a teacher. ③She also likes singing.
④I can’t speak French.My sister can’t speak French,either.
B.neither作为副词表示“也不”,常常用于倒装句的开头,紧跟在一个否定句后面(当然nor也可以这么 用)。那么,如果是肯定句呢?我们要用so,依然是倒装语句。例如: I can’t sing an English song.Neither can he. I can sing an English song.So can he.
还应注意neither和so后面的助动词和情态动词其后的主语在人称、时态方面保持一致。 C.neither和either在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数形式。如: Neither of them knows Japanese. Either of them knows English.
D.neither本身表示否定,其后不能再用否定式。如: 两个答案都不对。
【误】Neither answer isn’t right. 【正】Neither answer is right.
E.either与not连用表示“两者都不”,此时相当于neither。如: I don’t want either of them=I want neither of them.我两个都不想要。
either...or...与 neither...nor... 一、either...or...
either...or...意为\或者……或者……;不是……就是……\之意。表示两者之一,连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如:
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时,不是唱就是跳。(此句中either...or...连接两个动词,因为主语是单数第三人称,谓语动词要用其相应的形式。) either...or...连接两个主语时,其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就是我们通常说的\就近原则\。例如:
Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
注意:如果把上句变成一般疑问句,助动词形式与主语you保持一致,所以要用are提问,而不是am。例如:
Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里?
Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为:Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭?
若要对either...or...句型进行否定时,只需把either...or...换成neither...nor...即可。例如: Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为:Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。
我们还可以单独使用either,其意为\两者中的任何一个\。例如:
There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。这个句子也可以这样表达:There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。 either用在否定句的句末,表示\也\的意思。例如:
If you don\\'t go there. I won\\'t, either. 如果你不去那里,我也不去。 二、neither...nor...
neither...nor...表示\既不……也不……\。其含义是否定的,可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如:
She likes neither butter nor cheese. 她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither...nor...连接两个宾语。当neither...nor...连接两个主语时,也应遵循\就近原则\。例如: Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。
若将neither...nor...句型变为肯定句,只需把neither...nor...改为both...and...即可,同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如:
Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。 还可以单独使用neither作主语,表示\两者中没有一个\。例如: Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。
neither或nor还有另外一种用法,就是当表达一个人没有做某事,另一个人也没做同一类事时,可用neither或nor进行简略回答,其结构为:Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语。例如:
He doesn\\'t go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学,我也不是。 They didn\\'t go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园,我们也没去。
too, as well和 also 用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either 用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如: He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well. I also went there.
also,too,as well与either 的区别
also,as well,too,用于肯定句,also常用于be动词,情态动词,助动词之后,行为动词之前;as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中,置于句末。 例如, My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.
=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well. =My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher,too. 我爸爸是一名老师,我妈妈也是。
I can’t speak French.. Jenny can’t speak French,either. 我不会说法语,詹妮也不会。 习题
Do you want coffee or tea? No,I don't want ____ coffee ___ tea No,I want ____ coffee ____ tea In fact , I hate ____ c offee___tea
Does She want coke or Diet coke? No,she doesn't want_____________ I fact , She hates_____________
请分别用have,be的一般现在时填空 (1)neither she nor I ____(have) books. (2)neither she nor I ____(be) tall. (3)neither she nor he ____(have) books. (4)neither she nor he ____(be) tall.
(5)either she or I ____(have) books. (6)either she or I ____(be) tall. (7)either she or he ____(have) books. (8)either she or he ____(be) tall.
neither...nor..., either...or, 都是采用就近原则,谓语动词的单复数形式取决与它相临的主语。
1. have 2.am 3.has 4.is 5.have 6.am 7.has 8.is
The organization had broken no rules, but______had it acted responsibly. (CET-4 1996,1) A) neither B) so C) either D) both
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