简析初高中英语语法与练习 - 图文

四维教育·高中英语 Susan

25. A. impossible 26. A. efficiency 27. A. question 28. A. habit 29. A. realize 30. A. work 21-30 DCDCA ABCDB

B. possible C. necessary B. effects C. method B. point C. idea B. idea C. skill B. tell C. improve B. experience C. theory D. easy D. capacity D. problem D. task D. prove D. doing

专题三 代词

I、重点难点解析

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征

及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 代词类别 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 例 词 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 功 能 只做主语 做及物动词或介词的宾语 只做定语 做主语、宾语、表语 反身代词 指示代词 相互代词 疑问代词 关系代词 不定代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, 做宾语、同位语、表语 ourselves, yourselves, themselves this, that, these, those each other, one another who, whom, what, which, whose, etc. that, who, whom, whose, etc. 做主语、宾语、定语、表语 做宾语 引出疑问句 连接定语从句 some, any, no, either, neither, all, none, each, 视情况而定，一般的可做定语、主语、somebody, no one, everybody, etc. 宾语等 下面举例说明，其中疑问代词见“句子种类”，关系代词见“定语从句”。

一 人称代词的用法

1 作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。She teaches us English.

2 在句中作表语，常用宾格。Who is it? It?s me. 但有时用主格。 If I were she, I would?t go there. It was I who told him about it. 二 物主代词的用法

1．形容词性物主代词——只作定语：

This is our classroom. His father is an engineer.

2．名词性物主代词 1 所作成分 例句 作主语 This is her coat. Mine is over there. - 9 - 语法与练习

四维教育·高中英语 Susan

2 3 宾语 表语 Something has gone wrong with my bike. May I use yours ? This book isn?t mine; it?s Tom?s. 说明： ① 英语中必须有形容词性物主代词，而汉语中往往省略不译。如： Jack took off his coat and went to bed. 杰克脱掉外套就上床睡觉了。 ② “of + 名词性物主代词”可用作定语。如：

Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 我的一些朋友要出席我的生日晚宴。

三 反身代词

1 2 3 所作成分 宾语 表语 同位语 动宾 Tom taught himself Chinese. 介宾 She loves me for myself, not for my money. She is not quite herself today. （be oneself: 身心自在） I myself can repair the bike. The table itself has only three legs. 例句

四 指示代词的用法

1.时空的差别 e.g. There is this seat here, near me, or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have, this or that？

2. This 和 that 在行文叙述上的差别。E.g. I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. He was ill. That?s why he didn?t come. 3.that 和 those 用于表比较的结构。

The weather of Zhanjiang is better than that of my hometown. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here. 4. 打电话时this 表示我,that表示你. 五 不定代词的用法 可数 不可数 可数不可数 复合不定代词 one, each, many, both, another, either, neither, (a) few much, (a) little none, any, other, all, some anyone, anybody, anything; someone, somebody, something; everyone, everybody, everything; nobody, nothing 1．none, no one, nothing 的用法区别

1）none 既可指人，也可指物，且一定是特指概念，常用来回答how many /much 引导的疑问句；no one 只能指人，且只能是泛指概念，常用来回答who 引导的疑问句；nothing “什么也没有”，否定一切，常用来回答what 引导的疑问句。如：

— How many people are there in the room now ? — None.

— Who is in the room ? — No one / nobody

2) none 后面可加of 引导的介词短语，而something / anything / everything / nothing; someone / anyone / everyone / no one 却不能。 2. each 和every

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四维教育·高中英语 Susan

1) each 强调“个体”，起代词和形容词作用；every 强调“全体”，只能作定语。Each 作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的数，不可用not each 来表示部分否定，而not every 表示部分否定。如： The tickets each cost ten dollars. 这些票每张十美元。（each 作同位语，不能用costs）

2) every 还可表示“每……的；每……中的”，如下列说法中只能用every。 every year or two 每一两年 every now and then 时常 every other day 每隔一天

Choose one out of every ten boys. 每十个男孩中选一个。 one car to every 20 people 每20人乘一辆车

3. another, other, the other, others, the others 的用法一览表 不定代词 another 意义 任何一个，另一个 另外的 两者中的 另一个 泛指别的 人或物 特指其余 的人或物 用法说明 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或形容词。如： I don?t like this coat. Show me another, please. 只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that some, any, each, every, no, one 及my, your, his 等时，则可与单数名词连用。如：any other plant, every other day。 常与one 连用，构成：one … the other… 一个……另一个……；作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的” 是other 的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成some…others… 是the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物。 other the other others the others 4． Both, all, either, any, neither, none 的用法 两者 两者（以上） 都 both all 任何 either any 都不 neither none 如：

1) I had to buy all these books because I didn?t know which one was the best. 2) It is easy to do the repair. All you need is a hammer and some nails. 3) I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but neither of them came. 4) — Which of the three ways shall take to the village ? — Any way as you please.

5) We had three sets of the garden tools and we seemed to have no use for any. 5.one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those

one 用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念相当于a/an +单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，有时可用that 代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。The ones 用来代替前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those代替（尤其在有后置定语的情况下）。that 用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the +单数/不可数名词。如：

Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one ( = a present ) that I have never seen.

Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ones ( = many presents ) that I have never seen. The book on the desk is better than that / the one under the desk. The books on the desk are better than those / the ones under the desk.

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四维教育·高中英语 Susan

6.it 的用法 1 2 用法说明 用作人称代词，指代前面提到的事物 用来代替指示代词this 或that 例句 This is not my book. It is Mary?s. 错误！未找到引用源。— What?s this ? — It is a dictionary. 错误！未找到引用源。— Whose jacket is that ? — It is hers. 错误！未找到引用源。— Who is knocking at the door ? — It?s me. 错误！未找到引用源。The baby no more cried as soon as it saw its mother. 错误！未找到引用源。— What?s the time now ? — It?s ten past eight. 错误！未找到引用源。It?s getting colder and colder now. 错误！未找到引用源。It?s about ten minutes? walk from my home to the school. 错误！未找到引用源。It was very quiet at the moment. Our team won the football match. Have you heard about it ? 3 指人 4 指时间、距离、天气、环境等 5 6 指代前面整个句子的内容 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动错误！未找到引用源。I will appreciate it if you can 词，后面跟上it 然后再跟从句，give me a hand. ② I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 其从句作it 的同位语 ③ I like it in autumn when the weather is clear ad bright. （未指明但谈话双方心里都明白的）那件事、那种情况 错误！未找到引用源。How is it ( = you life, work ) going ? 错误！未找到引用源。— Do you like it here ? — Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. 错误！未找到引用源。It?s impossible to get there in time. 错误！未找到引用源。I find it strange that she doesn?t want to go. 7 8 it 还可用作形式主语、形式宾语以代替主语从句、宾语从句。

II、实战演练

一、用适当的代词填空．使其意思和结构完整：

1. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us. 2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have 3. Although he is wealthy, he spends on clothes. 4. -- Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? -- I'm afraid day is possible.

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