2020高考二轮复习：2-1-8 牢记议论文的读文、审题策略

步骤四 巩固兼提升， 满分收囊中

A

(2018·陕西省高三质量检测)Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing“Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I've had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.

Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun's rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.

In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.

One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although “earthing” or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.

So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。

1．The first paragraph is meant to ________. A．show the author likes the song very much B．put forward the argument of the passage C．suggest that the author loves nature crazily D．indicate the author is a Michigan native

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段“Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing‘Sunshine on My Shoulders’， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I've had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart”的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是为了提出文章的论点。

[答案] B

2．Sunbathing's good for heart because ________. A．the sun's rays make nitric oxide work B．sunlight can help people keep warm C．the sun's rays can help replace vitamin D D．vitamin D reduces blood circulation

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“One reason may be due to nitric oxide (一氧化氮), a gas whose function is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun's rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks”的描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。

[答案] A

3．It's believed that walking through forests can ________. A．make people popular B．help breathe in fresh air C．reduce blood pressure D．help escape noisy cities

[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area”的描述可知，人们普遍认为穿过森林可以降低血压。

[答案] C

4．The best title of the passage should be ________. A．Nitric Oxide Has Magic Functions B．Walking Barefoot Builds the Body C．Sunbathing is Good for Health D．Outdoor Activities Benefit the Heart

[解析] 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot... for your heart”及最后一段“So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches”可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。

[答案] D

B

(2018·成都市高中第二次诊断性检测)Many years ago in a zoo, I was shocked by finding that chimpanzees (黑猩猩) could behave in a more civil manner than youths while youths could behave worse than them. Great apes (类人猿) are always one of the favourite attractions in any zoo. The main reason for this is that they are so similar to us.

This similarity has persuaded a group called the Great Ape Project (GAP) to campaign for

these animals to be afforded “human rights”．

This has resulted in legislation in New Zealand, which could mean that great apes would become the first animals in the world with basic rights protected by the law.

Not everybody is happy with this idea, however. Scientists using animals for scientific research fear that this is just the first stage in a process that will lead to a ban on using all animals for research.

The GAP declaration claims great apes should have “human rights” due to scientific evidence about their abilities. But if we compare the abilities of humans and great apes, then why not the abilities of great apes and monkeys, monkeys and lemurs, and so on until insects are granted “human rights”？ This is not foolish. There are people without fundamental human rights. How long ago, for example, did women not have the right to vote?

Yet another argument by those who don't support GAP is that the human－like qualities of the great apes have been exaggerated for certain reasons, and that this has led people to exaggerate the similarities but ignore the differences between humans and other great apes.

In a fascinating article entitled “What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes”， Jonathan Marks points out that, although a human and a daffodil (水仙花) share common ancestry and their DNA matches more than 25% of the time, it is plainly ridiculous to claim that we are one－quarter daffodils.

He goes on to demonstrate that, if looked at from one angle, it is true that we are phylogenetically (动植物演化史) apes, but also fish from phylogenetically another angle！“Doesn't sound quite so profound now, does it？”

语篇解读：本文主要讨论了类人猿是否应该有人权的话题。 5．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about? A．The experience was unforgettable. B．Chimpanzees are similar to humans. C．Great apes are very popular in the zoo. D．Animals could behave better than humans.

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句“The main reason for this is that they are so similar to us”可推知，本段主要讲的是黑猩猩和人类的相似性，故选B。

[答案] B

6．Which of the following would the Great Ape Project most probably agree with? A．Animals should be free from any scientific research.

B．New Zealand should do more to protect the rights of great apes. C．The differences between humans and great apes have been ignored.

D．Great apes have adequate characteristics to be included as our equals.

[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，由于类人猿和人类很相似，由此可以获得类似于人的同等权利，故选D。

[答案] D

7．How does the author develop his idea mainly in Paragraph 5? A．By reasoning. B．By giving examples. C．By making a comparison.

D．By providing scientific evidence.

[解析] 推理判断题。第五段的内容对GAP组织的观点进行了理论上的批驳，属于论证的方法，故选A。

[答案] A

8．What point does Jonathan Marks try to make in his article? A．Humans are more than one－quarter daffodils. B．Great apes and fish are phylogenetically similar. C．Humans are as similar to fish as they are to great apes. D．Being 98% genetically identical matters less than thought.

[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后两段的内容可知，只从生物的相似性就判断其属性相同是一种可笑的推断，人与其他动植物的最大差异还是在于其思想性，故选D。

[答案] D