江苏省无锡市2017届高三上学期期末考试 英语 Word版含答案

C. The old man had much confidence in catching the fish. D. As a matter of fact, the fish was too old to live any longer. 70. Which of the following words best describes the old man?

A. Ambitious. B. Aggressive. C. Strong-willed. D. Sympathetic.

第二卷 (非选择题，共两大题，35分)

第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意:每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

The world would have been so much better if we all knew how to say and do the right thing at the right time. However, that is not the case, especially when it comes to instilling (逐步培养) proper behavior in kids. Behavior modification(BM) techniques were recently created to help in instilling proper behavior in children as well as adults.

Behavior modification refers to establishing various appropriate behaviors in individuals and discouraging those that are not desired. Behavior modification techniques are developed largely according to the principles of operant conditioning by B.F. Skinner, an American behaviorist. These techniques are used in behavior modification treatment that aims to correct and instill appropriate behavior in children.

The commonly used behavior modification techniques are positive reinforcement (强化), negative reinforcement and punishment. Positive reinforcement refers to reinforcing a proper behavior that most desire through the process of rewarding it. This can be done by praising the

individual as soon as he performs a desired behavior. Negative reinforcement behavioral strategies are based on the removal of a negative consequence or a behavior because the desired behavior was performed. For example, letting a child not help in washing dishes because he behaved well at a family gathering is a form of negative reinforcement. Punishment is something we all can relate to. Yes, it is just what it means. However, when put in words, punishment refers to subjecting (使服从于)an individual to a negative condition because of an inappropriate behavior.

The behavior modification techniques for children are mostly based on positive and negative reinforcement. However, parents should realize that these techniques can't be relied upon totally for child behavior modification. Though the behavior modification techniques lead to quick results, a parent should continuously try to cultivate (培养) in his child the ability to appreciate the reason why such a behavior is expected of him. This can be done through effective communication and greater focus on the parent-child relationship. As a parent, don't make the reward a monetary one. Try to make it look more like a privilege than a reward. A parent should also be consistent with his technique and apply it whenever there is a chance so that the child gets a clear idea of what is expected and what is not.

Although we talk so much about the role of a parent in bringing positive behavior modification in children, both parents and teachers have equally important roles to play. Teachers play their role through preventive classroom management, teaching skills for solving social problems like alternative thinking, and continuous monitoring of a child's behavior. It is true that there are various behavior modification techniques available for encouraging proper behavior in children. However, there is nothing that can take the place of proper parenting and an affectionate (慈爱) environment.

Techniques for Modifying Behavior (71) of BM

Establishing various appropriate behaviors and discouraging undesirable - 9 -

ones, aiming to correct and instill proper behavior in individuals. ·Positive reinforcement: Reinforcing a (72) behavior by means of rewarding it. ·Negative reinforcement: (73) a negative consequence or a behavior. ·Punishment: Subjecting an individual to a negative condition (74) to an improper behavior. ·For parents: Realizing these techniques are helpful in leading to quick results, but they are not totally (75) . Effective ways ·Communicating (76) with children and focus more on child-parent relationship. ·Making the reward more of a privilege rather than a reward. ·Remembering to (77) to the same technique and apply it whenever there is a chance. ·For teachers: Realizing both parents and teachers have equally important roles. Effective ways ·Playing their role through classroom management designed for the (78) of potential problems. ·Teaching (79) skills needed in our society. ·Monitoring children's behaviors continuously. Proper parenting and an affectionate environment play an irreplaceable role in encouraging proper behavior in children. Types of BM techniques BM techniques for children （80） 第五部分书面表达(满分25分) 请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

China has allowed all couples to have two children, abandoning its decades-long one-child policy. The change of policy is intended to balance population development and address the challenge of an aging population.

With reference to the new policy, some single-child parents can't wait to welcome new babies. However, many factors considered, some feel a dilemma associated with their decision to have one more child. For one thing, it seems beneficial as there are no other children in the family for the only child to associate with, and this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during vacations.

For another, a common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters. Many people believe that a single child won't have to learn to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships. Some think this may leave the child less able to interact well with people his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters.

However, the pressure of giving time and energy to a second child can seem too great, particularly for those with busy careers, resulting in them selecting to have no more children. For some other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration. 【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括短文内容:

2.用120个单词就“一个家庭是否应该有两个孩子”这一主题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要

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点:

(1)你是否赞成二胎政策，并用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法; (2)谈谈你自己作为独生子女或有兄弟姐妹的体会。 【写作要求】

1.可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子: 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称. 【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

参考词汇:sibling 兄弟，姐妹

注意:请将书面表达撰写在答题卡上。

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