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作业讲评:
To many men Dr. Zhou is a stern master at school and a beloved friend in life. It seems that his strict discipline of the students in school has laid the foundation of a friendship with them which becomes more and more enriched later in life. At school he was shunned and avoided; today he is much sought after. From his personality radiates a warmth which is not often known among the closest of friends.
He loves drinking and enjoys wine tremendously. But he would not drink alone. Nowadays it is bad for his health if he should drink, but when he sits down at a table and enjoys the company, to the four winds with the doctor’s order, he would drain his cup with you one after another while telling you that he knows he is going to have a bad headache all the next day. So he goes along. He has a headache every day and he has his drinks with his friends every evening. He likes wine and enjoys comradeship.
在许多人看来(眼里),周博士在学校是位严厉的老师,生活中却是个可亲可敬的朋友。在学校他对学生的严格训导似乎为他们之间的友谊奠定了基础,且这一友谊在日后日益深厚。在学校,大家躲他避他,如今却又寻他觅他了。他的人格里散发着一种最亲密的朋友之间都不曾多见的热情。
他嗜酒成隐,乐在其中,可又不喜欢自斟自饮。现在饮酒会伤身体,可一遇知交,围桌而坐,医生的规劝就会抛到九霄云外。他会一杯接一杯地开怀畅饮,还会告诉你,明天一整天他又要闹头痛了。他就是这样我行我素。每天都要闹头痛,但每晚又要与朋友喝上几杯。饮酒、交友成了他生活的重要部分。
英汉语对比(10个方面) 2. 刚性(rigid)VS柔性supple) 英语是刚性语言,汉语是柔性语言
英语句子:主语+谓语,且主、谓语在人称和数二者上必须一致 英语主要句型:
SV: The meeting has begun. SVP: You are student.
SVO: The news surprised us. SVO(1)O(2): She sang us a song. SVOC: We elected him our monitor.
所有英语句子都是在以上基本句型的基础上演变而来(变式、扩展、组合、省略、倒装等) 中文句子组成方式灵活得多,一般不受以上句式的限制。例如: 主语灵活多变
1) 文章翻译完了。(受事主语) 2) 全市到处在兴建新工厂。(地点主语) 3) 现在正下着毛毛雨。(时间主语) 4) 累得我站不起来了。(无主句)
5) 他有个女儿,在北京工作,已经打电话去了,听说明天就能回来。(变换主语并省略) 谓语复杂多变 1) 天高云淡。(形容词作谓语)
2) 他出国留学去了。(连动式) 3) 我介绍他加入协会。(兼语式) 4) 这项合同经理要签名。(主谓词组)
5) 这姑娘长得漂亮,鹅蛋形脸,两眼又大又黑,披着又长又密的头发。(并列式) 不合逻辑的表达式: 晒衣服—晒太阳 吃苹果—吃厕所 救国(救市)—救火 打扫房间—打扫卫生 恢复健康—恢复疲劳 大胜…大败…
缺少词形变化和介词等功能词容易导致歧义: 他欠你的钱
准备了一年的食物 热爱人民的总理 神秘的少女的心 找到了孩子的妈妈 喜欢的是她
是前天发的电报(是什么?什么时候发的?) 汉语的流水句举例:
接着,他继续设想,鸡又生鸡,用鸡卖钱,钱买母牛,母牛繁殖,卖牛得钱,用钱放债,这么一连串的发财计划,当然也不能算是生产的计划。
He went on indulging in wishful thinking. Chickens would breed more chickens. Selling them would bring him money. With this he could buy cows. The cows wuld breed too and selling oxen would make more money for him. With the money, he could become a money lender. Such a succession of steps for getting rich, of course, had nothing at all to do with production.
作业:
宝葫芦的故事
我来给你们讲个故事。可是我先得介绍介绍我自己:我姓王,叫王葆。我要讲的,正是我自己的一件事情,是我和宝葫芦的故事。
你们也许要问:“什么?宝葫芦?就是传说故事里的那种宝葫芦么?” 不错,正是那种宝葫芦。
可是我要声明,我并不是什么神仙,也不是什么妖怪。我和你们一样,是一个平平常常的普通人。你们瞧瞧,我是一个少先队员,我也和你们一样,很爱听故事。至于宝葫芦的故事,那我从小就知道了。那是我奶奶讲给我听的。奶奶每逢要求我干什么,她就得给我讲个故事。这是我们的规矩。
“乖小葆,来,奶奶给你洗个脚,”奶奶总是一面撵我,一面招手。“我不干,我怕烫。”我总是一面溜开,一面摆手。 “不烫啊。冷了好一会了。” “那,我怕冷。”
奶奶撵上了我,说洗脚水刚好不烫也不冷。非洗不可。
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