高中三大从句讲义(A3 版)

省略 When (you are) in trouble, you should ask for your parents’ help. S=s & v=be when指时间段/点，从句谓语延续性/非延续性动词，从句动作和主句动作同时/之前/之后发生 代替 “when+分词”代替状语从句 When my father came into the room (=When coming into the room), he found me reading novels in the bed. when, while， as, 主/从句谓语动词都是延续性动词 Study while you study; play while you play. while强调主句动作语从句动作同时持续地进行 强对比 主句动作发生在从句动作进行过程中，逐句动词是为非延续性动词 I love her while I was at high school. 时as两个动作同时发生/一种动作伴随着另一种动作的变化而变化 I slipped in the kitchen when I sleepwalked. My father jumps as I sleepwalk. 间 before, after 主句动作先于从句动作 See me before you tell a lie. 主句动作晚于从句动作 I found my father’ white lie after I has graduated from high school. 放在句首时常用until Until my father returns, nothing can be done. 强调句型中主句的not移到until之前 It was not until my father told me yesterday that I noticed my literary talent. till, until “到为?止”主句动词：肯定/否定形式，延续性 Run till/until you come to the ends of the world(天涯海角). “直道?开始”主句动词 否定形式，非延续性 We didn’t discuss some problems until I got the admission to the TJPU. 副词 现在完成时主句since一般过去时从句 I haven’t been home for a long period since I graduated. since It be[一般时/完成时（强调）]+一段时间+since时间状语从句 It is/was two years since I graduated/had graduated. 介词 since+过去某时间点 He’s been playing piano since childhood. since+一段时间+ago I have been Taiyuan since one year ago. “为了、以便”(so) that, in order that 替换：in order to The early bird catches the worm. The early bird sets out early that they might catch the worm. 状语从句主语=主句主语，in order to, so as to取代目的状语 The early bird sets out so early as to catch the worm. 从句目lest, for fear that 省略should的虚拟语气 I am working hard for fear that I (should) fail. 引导的 词 “以免，以防” in case 虚拟语气 You hid your weakness lest it should be take advantage by somebaby. 陈述语气 Take you umbrella in case it rains. if“如果”正面条件 unless(=if not)“除非，如果不”负面条件 You are sure to succeed unless you haven’t studied hard 条I will pursue my further study, providing/provide (that) I get the admission to Yale/Harvard University. 件 in case, on condition that, providing, provided(that), supposing, suppose(that)“假如/使，在?条件下” Suppose/Supposing(that) you do not study abroad, what will you do？Lawyer? as long as(=so long as)充要条件“只要” We will support you as long as pursue further study. (al)though< even if/though (Al)though my parents are not wealthy, they are healthy. though 倒装/不倒装 Even though it was raining my father insistently walked to work. “虽然/即使/尽管” as 必须倒装 Rich as LY is, he is not happy. 让形容词/副词/名词/动词/过去分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分 Child as you are, you can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词) 步 Try as he would, he could not succeed. no matter+疑问词>带后缀ever的疑问词 No matter how (>however) much you tried, I failed to understand your parents’ love for you. “不管/无论” 正装语序 whether?or? 选择范围的从句 You must make a decision, whether you try your best or give up now. 方 式 as, as if/though连接 Think as others think. so that 结果?目的? My mother worried so that she couldn’t sleep. 状语so+adj./adv.+that 从句My mother speaks so fast that no on can catch her. 引导结so+adj.(+a/an)+n.+that Our parents have so much love that they can express it in the different way. 词 果 such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that Our parents are such good person that I mustn’t blame them. 从句主语=主句主语,so as to取代结果状语 My mother is so kind that she prepare the breakfast every morning. My mother is so kind as to prepare the breakfast every morning. 地点 where连接 Where there is a will, there is a way. 原because主句之后，直接原因，语气最强，not because否定从句 You do it because you like it. 因 You are not strong because you are physically healthy. since“既然”主句之前，已知显然的理由，较为正式语气弱于because. Since you are free today, you had better be busying yourself about the house.表“既然”：seeing(that), now(that), 5

considering(that), in that as 附带说明的“双方已知的原因”语气弱于since，常位于主句之前 As it is raining, you’d better take an umbrella. for辅助性的补充说明，主句之后且用逗号隔开 We could not have understood our parents, for we are not parents now. 三大名词不定式 ① 从句谓语往往含有情态意义should can I don’t know what I should do. I don’t know what I do. 从句性从② 连接代词、连接副词、whether引导的名从 Please tell me how I can get to the station. Please tell me how to get to the station. 的简句 I haven’t decided whether I should vote for Bill. I haven’t decided whether to vote for Bill 化 动名词 主从 That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody. His losing the game came as a surprise to everybody. (复合结构) 同从 There was no chance that he would come from the battle alive. +of There was no chance of he coming from the battle alive. 宾从 不定式 I hope that I can drive to work in my own car. I hope to drive to work in my own car. 动名词 I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future. I consider emigrating to America in the future. 形容短语 从句中含有be动词 主动 Do you know the boy (who is) playing the violin? 词性 （省略关系词&v-be） 从句 被动 Books (that are) written in English are more expensive. 从句中不含be动词 They live in a room that faces the south. （省略关系词+动词变为现在分词） They live in a room facing the south. 不定式 被the only, the last, the next,序数词，最高级形She is the only one that understands me. 容词修饰的名词 She is the only one to understand me. 副词短语 从句中含有be动词 主动 While (he was) waiting, he took out a magazine to read. 性从S=s （省略s&v-be） 被动 句 Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled 从句中不含be动词 Since I came to Taiyuan, I have made many new friends. （省略s+动词变为现在分词） Since coming to Taiyuan, I have made many new friends.

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