高中三大从句讲义（A3 版） - 图文

高考三大从句讲义

名词性从句归纳演绎表

陈述句五大句型 主语+谓语 I do. 主语+谓语+宾语 I love you. 主语+同位语+谓语+宾语+同位语 I, your teacher, love you, my students. 主语+系动词+表语（主语补足语） You are/like an angel. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 You make me happy. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 I give you a kiss. 句子类型 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 Ⅱ 疑问词+ 一般疑问句 引导词 从句中是否做成份 如何 变化 变化后的句子 主从 宾从 表从 同从 ①句首+whether/if ②正装语序 主从 宾从 表从 (同从) 主从 宾从 表从 同从 (主从) 宾从 (表从) (同从) Who whom what whatever 主语/宾语/表语 Whoever whomever 主从 宾从 表从 (同从) That W doesn’t have a girl friend is a fact.→It is a fact that We know (that) W doesn’t have a girl friend. The fact is that W doesn’t have a girl friend. The fact that W doesn’t have a girl friend is well-known. We know the fact that W doesn’t have a girl friend. Whether there is something wrong with W is a rumor. We don’t know if/whether there is something wrong with W. The rumor is whether there is something wrong with W. The rumor whether there is something with W is spread. We spread the rumor whether there is something with W. When I can become W’s girl friend is a question. I don’t know when I can become W’s girl friend. The question is when I can become W’s girl friend? The question when I can become W’s girl friend is puzzling. I know the question when I can become W’s girl friend. Which/whose girl W’s girl friend is is a question. We don’t know which/whose girl W’s girl friend is The question is which /whose girl W’s girl friend is. The question which /whose girl W’s girl friend is is puzzling. I know the question which /whose girl W’s girl friend is Whom W will marry is a problem. We don’t know whom W will marry. The problem is whom W will marry. The question whom W will marry is puzzling. I know the question whom W will marry. W doesn’t have a girl friend. that(宾从中，原则：可省略；例外：宾从并列使用不可否 省) if/whether 原则：if只用于宾从→whether名从 例外：①介词后的宾从；②放于句首宾语从句；③包含or not的名从 I 连接副词 句首+that Is there anything wrong with w? （① 助动词+主语+谓语？） （② 系动词+主语+表语？） 否 When/where/how/why can become W’s girl friend? when where how why whenever 状语 wherever however Which/whose girl is W’s girl friend? 连接代词 Which whose 定语（+名词） 正装语序 Who can become W’s girl friend? Whom will Wmarry? What is the result of this marriage?

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形容词性从句归纳表

分引定从中所类 导变化前的句子 变化后的句子 规律总结 词 做成分 I thanked my ex-girlfriend. 主语 She left me. I thanked my ex-girlfriend who/that left me. The letter is mine. 关It is on the wall. The letter which/that is on the wall is mine. The woman is her mother. 系动I meet her. The woman (whom/who/that) I meet is her mother. 代宾 The movie wasn’t very good. We saw it the 词 宾year before last year. The movie (which/that) we saw the year before last year wasn’t very good. 语 She is my girlfriend. She is my girlfriend about whomI told you. 介I told you about her. She is my girlfriend (whom/who/that) I told you about. 宾 The music was sentimental. The music to whichI listened last night was sentimental. I listened to it last night. The music (which/that) I listened to last night was sentimental. P5 表一：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的 I am no longer a poet. 关系词对比表 I was a poet. I am no longer the poet (who/that)I was. 限定表语 The campus is not a paradise of poem. It was 定性 a paradise of poem. The campus (which/that) it was is not a paradise of poem. 语 从关I am a boy. 句 系My heart was broken. I am a boy whose heart was broken. 形定语 容We didn’t take a picture together. 词 Its value is inestimable. We didn’t take a picture together whose value is inestimable. 时间 I will never forget the day. 关系副词和关系代词的关系： 关状语 We broke up on that day/then. I will never forget the day (when/on which/that) we broke up. ① 关系副词=介词+关系代词 系地点 I wandered into the park. ② 非正式文体中that可以替代 when/why/where副状语 We dated first in that park/there. I wandered into the park (where /in which /at which/that) we dated first. 并且that常常省略 词 原因 Self-respect is the reason. 状语 I didn’t apply for Tsinghua University for the Self-respect is the reason (why/for which/that) I didn’t apply for Tsinghua University. reason. 非限定 P5 表二：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的对比表 性

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表一：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的关系词对比表 非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句 关系词 从句中成分 人 事物 其他 人 事物 其他 主语 who which that/who that/which 表语 关系代词 (who) (which) (that/who) (that/which) 宾语 (whom /who) (which) (that/ whom / who) (that/which) 关系 形容词 定语 whose whose whose whose 关系副词 状语 When/where when/why/where

表二：非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的对比表 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 与先行词的关系 紧密，删除后影响整个意义的表达 疏松，只是补充说明，删除后不影响整个意义的表达 逗号的运用 不运用逗号 运用逗号 That的运用 可用that 不可用that Why的运用 可用why 不可用why Which/who在从句中做宾语时是否可以省略 可省略（that在从句中做宾语时也可以省略） 不可省略 Whom在从句中做宾语时是否可以用that/who替原则：可替代 不可替代 代 例外：紧跟在介词后的情况 读时是否停顿 不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 是否可以修饰句子 不可修饰 可修饰， which/as 翻译时的区别 译为定语 译为并列句

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摘自：《星火英语巧学活用语法》 作成分 主语 They have helped me to finish the work, as/which is very kind of them. 宾语 The woman was from Beijing, as/which they know from her accent. 表语 He seems to be a foreigner, as/which in fact he was. 形式上 as可以放在句首/句中/句末。 which只能放在句中/句末。 引导非限制性定语从句 意义上 as引导的从句表示“正如/像”肯定主句 Mary married again, as was natural. 与which 固定 as is well known, as we all see, 区别 只能用as 搭配 as often happen, as has been said before 特殊关省略be As (was) planned, we met at the airport. 系词as 否定 GR married ZRF, which was unexpected. 只能用which 主句 介宾 She might possibly come, about which I’ll ask him. 宾补 He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite interesting. 主语 We will give you such data as will help you 关系代词 宾语 I like the same book as you do. such as, 表语 He is not same man as he was 引导限制性定语从句 the same as, I shall do it in the same way as you did. 两个固定搭配中 注意：①the same as中的as可以用that来代替，但as后省略了谓语时不能用that。He told me the same story as(非同一)/that(同一 )she told. He 关系副词 状语 uses the same books as you (do). ① as引导的从句谓语动词和主句谓语动词是同一时态的be, do, have时，从句谓语动词常常被省略。 She works in the same building as my sister. 形划分出从句，判断定从是限定性定从还是非限定性定从 主语 见：非限定性定语从句和限定性定从限定性定从，两种定从中关系词分别做什么宾语 语从句的关系词对比表 单成分 表语 选定语 步状语 骤 非限定性定从 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 名划分出从句，判断名从中是否缺句子成分 是：从句缺失的状语 Where why when how 从句子成分是 主语 Who whom what whatever 单宾语 whoever 选表语 步定语 Which whose 骤 否：判断从句与陈述关系： That 主句的意思关系 一般疑问关系 主从 Whether 表从 同从 宾从 原则：if 例外：介宾 whether 句首 Or not

副词性从句引导词演绎表

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