热能与动力工程专业英语翻译4.4英汉

4.4 Absorption Heat Pump吸收式热泵（4·4）

Functions Of Absorption Heat Pump 1.吸收式热泵的功能

An absorption heat pump extracts heat from a low- temperature heat source ， such as waste heat or surface water ， and delivers its heat output at a higher temperatur for winter heating or Other applications at a coefficient of performance greater than 1 ．吸收式热泵从低温热源（如废热或地表水）取热，在较高的温度下输出热量用于冬天或其他场合供热，其效能系数大于1。 In Japan and Sweden ， absorption heat pumps have been installed in dustrial and district heating plants using industrial waste heat to pmvide hot water ， typically at 165 。 F ，for winter heating or other purposes at a COP between 1 · 4 and l. 7 ·在日本和瑞典，吸收式热泵已经安装于利用工业废热来提供热水的供热工厂（代表性的温度是165F），用于冬天供热或其他用途，其COP（效能系数）在1·4~1·7之间。

Absorption heat pumps can be used either for winter heating or for cooling in summer and heating in winter ·吸收式热泵单向用于冬天供热或双向用于夏天制冷、冬天供热。

The coefficient of performance for cooling COPc for an absorption heat pump can be calculated ·the coefficient of performance for heating for a twe-stage absorption heat pump COPhp can be calculated as对于吸收式热泵来说，可计算供冷的效能系数cop，对于双级吸收式热泵而言，供热的效能系数CO计算如下（公式）

Several absorbants ， or working fluids ， other than aqueous LiBr solution are being developed ，such as Li Br/ZnC12 and LiBr/ZnBrJ CH3 OH · LiB 0 is still the most widely used solution in absorption heat pumps ·除了溴化锂水溶液，还有几种吸收剂，即工作流体正在得以发展，例如，LiBr/ZnC12和/cOH，在吸收式热泵中，溴化锂水溶液(B0）仍然是最广泛使用的。

Comparison Between Absorption and Vapor Compression Heat Pumps 2·吸收式热泵和蒸汽压缩式热泵的比较

Although the coefficient of perfomance for heating COPhp for a centrifugal heat pump has a value between 4 and 4.5 and for an absorption heat pump it is only 1 · 3 to 1 · 7 ， electric energy used by a centrifugal machine is far more expensive than heat energy used by an absorption machine ·尽管对离心式热泵来说，供热效能系数COPhp值在4~4·5之间，而对吸收式热泵来说，供热效能系数cophp仅仅为1·3～1·7，但是离心机使用的电能比吸收机使用的热能远远昂贵得多。

A life- cycle cost analysis should be performed during selection · When the ratio of cost per unit of electricity to natural gas is considered especially when demand charge ， and higher electricity rates during peak hours are taken into account ， absorption heat pumps may be more cost effective in many locations . 在选择过程中，应该对整个使用周期的成本进行分析。在考虑单位电价对天然气价比率时，特别应该考虑消耗费用和用电高峰时较高的电耗，在许多场合中，吸收式热泵可能是更经济的。

Series-Connected Absorption Heat Pump 3·串联吸收式热泵

The series-connected absorption heat pump consists Of twe singlestage absorption heat pumps ，each with an evaporator ,absorber ， generator ， condenser ， heat exchanger ， and solution pump . 串联吸收式热泵由两个单级吸收式热泵组成，每一级带有一个蒸发器、吸收器、发生器、冷凝器、热交换器和溶液泵。

Liquid water refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator · Water vapor is extracted by the concentrated solution in the absorber.The heat of absorption transferred to the hot water in the absorber is then used for district heating · The diluted solution is pumped from the absorber to the

generator through the heat exchanger ·In the generator ， stearn from the plant Is 0ff the water vapor from the diluted solution ·The boiled-off water vapor is extracted to the condenser and condensed into liquid form· Latent heat of condensation is again transferred to the district heating hot water. 液体水制冷剂在蒸发器内蒸发，水蒸气由吸收器内的浓溶液提出，传递到吸收器内热水中的吸收热用于区域供热。稀溶液通过热交换器从吸收器用泵打到发生器。在发生器中，来自工厂的蒸汽使稀溶液中的水汽化，汽化的水蒸气被排列冷凝器而冷凝成液体形式。冷凝潜热又传给区域供热的热水中。

Concentrated solution from the generator flows to the absorber through the heat exchanger · Condensed liquid water enters the evaporator via a throttling orifice and is sprayed over the tube bundle in which flue gas cooling water flows from the plant · After absorbing the latent heat of vaporization from the flue gas cooling water ， liquid water evaporates into water vapor in the evaporator．

来自发生器的浓溶液通过热交换器从发生器流到吸收器。冷凝液体水通过节流孔进人蒸发器，并且被喷射到管束上，在管束里，流人来自工厂的烟气冷却水。在吸收了来自烟气冷却水的汽化潜热之后，液体水在蒸发器内蒸发成水蒸气。

In the series-connected absorption heat pump ， the first- stage absorption heat Pump is operated at higher temperatures and the second-stage heat pump is operated at lower temperatures 。在这种串联吸收热泵中，第一级吸收式热泵在较高的温度下运行，而第二级热泵在较低的温度下运行。

During operation ， the return hot water from district heating is heated from 144F to 152 F in the absorber and condenser of the second-stage absorption heat pump ， and from 152 F to 160.50F in the absorber and condenser of the first-stage absorption heat pump · In the evaporator ， heat is extracted from the lowtemperature heat source ， the flue gas cooling water which enters the absorption heat pump at a temperature of 97.7F and leaves at a temperature of 75 · 2F .The high- temperature heat source ， steam ， is supplied at 320 F at a flow rate of 66 000 1b / h from the incineration plant · The average COPhp for the seriesconnected absorption heat pump is about 1 · 6 ·在运行期间，来自区域供热的热水回水在第二级吸收式热泵的吸收器和冷凝器中从144F被加热到152F，并且在第一级吸收式热泵的吸收器和冷凝器中，从152F被加热到160.5F在蒸发器内，热从低温热源，即烟气冷却水中释放出来，废气冷却水在97.7F的温度下进人吸收式热泵并且在75.2F的温度下离开。高温热源一蒸汽在320F下以660001b/h的流量从焚烧工厂送出，串联吸收式热泵的平均效能系数COPhp大约是1·6。 Operating Characteristics4·运行特性

The absorption heat operates at twe pressure levels : high pressure ， including the evaporator and absorber ， and low pressure ,including the generator and condenser. 吸收热传递装置在两个压力水平上运行：高压，包括蒸发器和吸收器;低压，包括发生器和冷凝器。 There are three temperature levels of input and output fluid streams ：

(I)The fluid stream carrying the heat output from the absorber is at the highest temperature level. （2）The heat source （ the waste heat input to the evaporator and generator) is at the intemediate temperature level.

（3） The condenser cooling water in the condenser is at the lowest temperature level.

The purpose of an absorption heat transformer is to boost the temperature of the input waste heat fluid stream, and the function of an absorption heat pump is to attain a higher COP from the lower temperature heat source ·输人和输出流体有三个温度水平：1、带有热输出的来自吸收器的流体在最高的温度水平。2、热源（输人到蒸发器和发生器的废热）在中间的温度水平。3、冷

凝器中的冷却水在最低的温度水平。

吸收热传递装置的用途是使输人废热流体的温度上升。吸收式热泵的功能是从较低的温度热源中获得一个较高的效能系数（cop）。