上海市宝山区2012届高三一模英语试题及答案

rather than a want.

In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main classes are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought(主动提供的) goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) should be a specialty goods in the United States.

People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought without enough thinking; someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae(圣代) on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.

Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.

Shopping goods fall into two classes; those that are recognized as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as essentially different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style and fashion will either take precedence(优先) over price, or they will not matter at all.

72. It can be learned from the first paragraph that ______. A. a writer needs a word processor

B. needs and wants can’t be separated clearly

C. the way to distinguish the products is unimportant D. a computer is a need rather than a want

73. The example of wine is used to illustrate that ______.

A. goods are classified differently in different countries

B. the types of the product lie on the people rather than its nature C. Frenchmen often drink but Americans sometimes do D. one product may belong to many types

74. Staples are items that ______. A. are convenient to purchase

B. are purchased without enough thinking C. people “want but don’t need” D. people are in constant need of

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75. Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those that ______. A. consumers don’t care where to buy them B. consumers spend much time searching for C. satisfy similar needs of the consumer D. can be found in nearly every shop

Section C

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. B. C. D. E. F. 76. Our space is beautiful. Looking out of the window of a space shuttle, you can see the stars more clearly than you can from Earth. It’s thrilling view. However, what’s out there can be dangerous too. And the dangerous things are often too small to see. 77. Above Earth, where space shuttles orbit, there are thousands of chunks of space garbage. They are flying as spaceships, at about 17,000 miles per hour. Sometimes they hit spaceships. On one flight of the shuttle Columbia, the ship was hit 106 times. Most of those hits were not caused by rocks. They were caused by pieces of space garbage. 78. What kinds of objects are floating in space today? Some are satellites that are no longer working. Others are pieces of rockets that exploded. The first explosion of a rocket in space took place in 1961. Since then, many others have occurred. An exploding rocket can send out hundreds of bits of metal. 79. Space garbage also results from everyday events. Let’s say an astronaut walks outside a shuttle, taking pictures. What if he drops the camera lens cap? It becomes a piece of orbiting junk. A flying bolt may not sound like much. If it’s flying ten times as fast as a bullet, though, it

Our space is beautiful but dangerous.

There are different ways to deal with space garbage. NASA has come up with new plans for space junk. Space garbage sometimes hits spaceships. Small objects also lead to dangers in the space. Space garbage comes from satellites and rockets.

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can be pretty scary. Some space trash burns up by falling toward Earth. If it’s high up in space, though, it won’t fall to Earth. It will stay in orbit. 80. What can be done about space trash? This may be one of the most important questions now facing NASA. One answer is to keep track of it. Radar can track a piece of space junk as small as a softball. Before launching a flight, NASA makes sure no other ships or satellites will be in the way. They could also make sure no large pieces of space junk were in the flight’s path. But what about smaller things? What about a piece of metal as small as a pebble? One solution is to invent armor for spaceships. Another is to leave less garbage up there.

Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Aware that the financial crisis could spread to other sections, the Fed has moved remarkably aggressively, cutting rates by 1.25 percentage points in eight days—a rate-cutting spree(无节制行为) almost unheard of in central banking history. The Fed now has cut rates five times by accumulative(累积的) 2.25 percentage points—and there is no sign that the Fed is done. Thanks to the strategies of Hank Paulson, George Bush soon will sign a bill that will pump some $150 billion into the American economy for U.S. consumers to spend. That kind of coordination(协调) between fiscal and monetary authorities is as exceptional as it is both swift and impressive. Sure, the Cassandras are disobeying the Fed’s actions. Bernanke has been criticized for everything from catering to Wall Street traders to still being behind the curve. But opinions are like a nose—everybody has one. The current noise of criticism against Bernanke is a lot like baseball fans, screaming “throw the burn out” at the game or letting out their depressions on post-game AM radio talk shows. But it’s a lot easier to criticize than to step up to home plate and swing the bat.

The reality is that few of Bernanke’s most bitter critics were even smart enough to make it into an introductory economics class taught by Bernanke at Princeton—let alone to run the world’s most influential Central Bank. And to assume that Fed policy is based on responses to such criticism would be as ridiculous as for baseball star Alex Rodriguez to walk over and hand his bat to an unpleasant critic in the seats of Yankee Stadium to take his place at home plate. Thankfully, airline pilots guiding a plane through rough instability play to a less noisy crowd. Here’s the reality. Neither Bernanke’s interest rate cuts nor the federal stimulus package likely will hit the policy nail right on the head. But no real-time decision making is perfect. As John Maynard sKeynes, himself an academic with plenty of real world experience, observed: “It’s better to be nearly right than exactly wrong.” The Fed can’t stop a decline, but it can help it be short and shallow. This is a complex, fast-changing situation. Let’s give the Fed and the U.S. government some credit for acting swiftly and firmly.

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(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 81. The Fed has cut its rates steeply in central banking history because it has recognized that

___

__________________________________________________________________________. 82. With the help of Hank Paulson, George Bush agrees to give money to U.S. consumers to

spend, which shows that the cooperation is unusually __________________________. 83. The author’s opinion about Bernanke’s most rough critics is that they are ______ to run the

world’s most influential Central Bank.

84. Since the situation is complex and fast-changing, what does the author approve?

第II卷 （共45分）

I. Translation

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