化工原理课程设计

化 工 原 理 课 程 设 计

系 别： 能源水利学院 专 业： 特种能源技术与工程 指导教师： 王琪

2016年8月 19日

摘 要

精馏是分离液体混合物最常用的一种单元操作，在化工﹑炼油﹑石油化工等工业中得到广泛的应用。本设计的题目是苯—甲苯二元物系板式精馏塔的设计。在确定的工艺要求下，确定设计方案，设计内容包括精馏塔工艺设计计算，塔辅助设备设计计算，馏塔设备结构图。

关键词：苯-甲苯；精馏；板式塔；塔设备结构

I

Abstract

Distillation is the most commonly used one kind of liquid mixture separation unit operations, in the chemical, oil refining, petrochemical and other industries widely used. The topic of this design is benzene - toluene binary content is the design of the plate column. Under certain technical requirements, determine the design scheme, design contents include the rectification tower process design calculation, auxiliary equipment design, tower equipment structure.

Key words: benzene - toluene; Distillation; Plate column; Tower equipment structure

II

沈阳工学院课程设计

目 录

摘 要 ................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .............................................................................................................................. II 1 设计方案的确定 .......................................................................................................... 1 2 精馏塔的物料衡算 ...................................................................................................... 3

2.1 原料液及塔顶，塔底产品的摩尔分数 ........................................................... 3 2.2 原料液及塔顶，塔底产品的平均摩尔质量 ................................................... 3 3 塔板数的确定 .............................................................................................................. 3

3.1 理论板层NT的求取 ........................................................................................ 3 3.2 实际板层数的求取 ........................................................................................... 5 4 精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据 .......................................................................... 6

4.1 操作压力计算 ................................................................................................... 6 4.2 操作温度计算 ................................................................................................... 6 4.3 平均摩尔质量计算 ........................................................................................... 6 4.4 平均密度计算 ................................................................................................... 7 4.5 液体平均表面张力计算 ................................................................................... 7 4.6 液体平均黏度计算 ........................................................................................... 8 5 精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算 ...................................................................................... 9

5.1 塔径的计算 ....................................................................................................... 9 5.2 精馏塔有效高度计算 ..................................................................................... 10 6 塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算 ........................................................................................ 10

6.1 溢流装置计算 ................................................................................................. 10 6.2 塔板布置 ......................................................................................................... 12 6.3 开空区面积计算 ............................................................................................. 12 6.4 筛孔计算及其排列 ......................................................................................... 12 7 筛板的流体力学验算 ................................................................................................ 13

7.1 塔板压降 ......................................................................................................... 13 7.2 液面落差 ......................................................................................................... 14 7.3 液沫夹带量 ..................................................................................................... 14

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