英语从句总汇(1)

一 表语从句

1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

（1）从属连词that.如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.

（2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. The question is whether they will be able to help us.

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain.

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 接副词 where，when，how，why.

如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

4.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow. 二 主语从句

1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

（2）连词whether.如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome. Wherever you are is my home —— my only home. 1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything.

B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go. It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.

C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如： It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.

c.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： Is it true that the scientist willgive us a lecture next week？

D.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet！

2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。 Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever=the person who） Whatever he did was right.（whatever=the thing that） 三 宾语从句

1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句。 3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）从属连词that.如： He told us that he felt ill. 注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）

2. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时）

3.We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。） in view of adv.考虑到, 由于

（2）从属连词if/whether.如： I doubt whether he will succeed. I don’t know if you can help me. （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词 where，when，how，why.

Who or what he was，Martin never learned. I wonder what he’s writing to me about I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. You may do what you will. （4）介词宾语从句

宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. I am curious as to what he will say. Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday. He has made it clear that he will not give in. give in v.投降, 屈服, 让步

4.连词whether （…or not）或if引导的宾语从句

if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如： I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较： Please let me know if you want to go. Please let me know whether you want to go.

if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。 6.宾语从句的时态变化规律：

（1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。

（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。四 同位语从句 1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. Where did you get the idea that I could not come？

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 连接代词who, what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。 The question who should do the work requires consideration.

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 解释：

1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 that引导的同位语从句 that引导的定语从句 句法功能上

that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。

that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上

从句是被修饰名词的内容。 从句起限定作用，是定语

如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省。） The news （that）he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。） 2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this （should）be settled as soon as possible. 五 定语从句

起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词或整个句子。通常跟在先行词之后，由关系词引导。 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose的用法。

1．that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，即可作主语又可作宾语，例如： I like music that is quiet and gentle. Who's the man that is reading over there?

Have you returned the book (that) you borrowed last week? The girl (that) you saw just now is my cousin.

2．which在宾语从句中只指物，作主语或宾语，例如：

The book which is on the desk is mine. The news which he told me is really exciting. 3. who在定语从句中只指人，作主语，也可以代替whom作宾语，例如：

The boy who broke the window is called Jim. This is the man (who) they were talking about just now.

4. whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，但后边的介词提前时，只用whom，也可以省略，例如：

Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to? = Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?

5. whose在定语从句中作定语，既可指人又可指物，例如： This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class. The old man lives in the room whose window faces south.

在下列几种特殊情况下，关系代词只用that，而不用which，例如： 1. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：

This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen. 2. 先行词被the very，the only等修饰时，例如： This is the very book that I'm looking for.

The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently. 3. 先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：

The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom. This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.

4. 先行词是不定代词everything, all, anything, nothing等 ，例如：

Is there anything that I can do for you?

5. 先行词是两个或多个分别表示人或物的名词，例如：

He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard here. 6．主句是以who，which引导的特殊疑问句，例如：

Who is the man that was waiting for you? Which is the tree that you planted three years ago? 7. 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如： He is not the boy that he used to be.

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

在下列几种特殊情况下，关系代词只用which，而不用that，例如：

1. 非限制性定语从句中。The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. 2。 介词提前时。We depend on the land from which we get our food. 3. 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.时。二．关系副词引导的定语从句

1．关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因， that有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。 2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

1) This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited 四．As在定语从句中的用法

1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

（１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

（２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如： The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

３）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

the same...as...表示'与…同样的',不是同一个the same...that..表示'同一个',就是那个 This is the same pen as I lost last week.这同我上周丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支) This is the same pen that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那支钢笔。 2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如： (1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.