高中英语必修三第二单元知识点详解

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

1、system 系统，体系

solar system 太阳系 government systems 政府体系

2. interest vt. 使…感兴趣 sth. interest sb.

interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 令人感兴趣的

3. 世界上独一无二的东西，前面加定冠词the, 例：the sun, the moon, the earth, the university, the world.

但是名词前若有adj修饰，一般用不定冠词a/an。例：There is a big moon in the sky.

4. start/begin with 以…开始； to start/begin with首先=first of all

5. wide 做副词表示具体的宽 He lay here, with his eyes wide open./ wide awake. widely adv. 修饰抽象的,广泛的 The book is widely read.

6. in all directions 四面八方 in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向

7. to do一般做目的状语，但有时候也可做结果状语。Only to do结果发现常表示意料之外的结果。

She went to the supermarket, only to find/only to be told that all the salt had been sold out.

8. last 持续; 维持 其后的介词for经常省略。 The meeting lasted (for) three hours.

9. in time及时；终于 You will get used to it in time. 最终你会习惯的。 on time 按时 in no time 立即；马上 at one time 曾经；一度 at a time 一次

at any time 任何时候 at times有时；偶尔 from time to time 有时

10. atmosphere

① 大气层，经常与定冠词联用 the atmosphere

② 气氛，氛围 The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.

11. unlike prep. 不像 Unlike his brother, he is diligent. 不像弟弟，他很勤奋。

dislike v. 不喜欢 I dislike eating fish. I like eating meat.

12. be fundamental to 对…至关重要，基础 fundamental differences 根本的不同

13. for the first time 第一次，为介词短语，一般做时间状语。 The first time 为连词，连接句子

14.lay eggs 下蛋

lay the table 摆桌子 lay up 储存；搁置 lay over 推迟 lay the blame on 责怪

lay the foundation 奠定基础 lay to 归咎于 lay out 摆开；展示 lay open 摊开；揭露

lay aside 放在一边；积蓄 lay down 放下；放弃 lay for 等候

15. give birth to…生产；产生 She gave birth to a healthy baby last night.

at birth 出生时 by birth 天生的；生来 be of good birth 出身名门 a second birth 再生；新生 bring … to birth 使产生

16. spread 伸展；延伸；（消息，火）等蔓延，传播

The news spread through the school quickly. The mother spread a cloth on the table.

The fire spread quickly, but all the people were able to escape.

17. thus adv相当于therefore 因此

The universities have expanded, thus allowing more students to get a higher education.

18. in one’s turn 轮到…. by turns 轮流 in return作为回报 in turn ① 依次轮流 ②反之，从而

go for a turn 散步；兜风 out of turn 不合时宜的 take a turn 转弯

19.too…to 太…而不能

表示肯定得几种情况

20 depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于 It / that depends.看情况吧。 注意：depend on 后不能跟that 引导的宾语从句，这时必须在从句前加上it. You may depend on it that she will surely pass the exam.

21 the year to come= the coming year 在将要到来的一年。To come做后置定语

22. block vt.

（1）堵住；阻塞 A big stone has fallen from the mountain and blocked the road. （2）阻碍；阻挡 The wet weather blocked our plan for a trip.

block out vt. 封闭,遮挡（光线和声音等）; 忘记，抹掉 That wall blocks out all the light.

23. off

(1) (和某些动词连用)…开；…掉 The bird flew off. 鸟飞走了。 (2) （作表语）走掉；动身走 Are you really off? 你真要走吗？ (3) （和某些动词连用）…下去 Cut the end off. 把头切掉。

(4)距离多远（时间；空间） Summer is only a week off. 再有一个星期就到夏天了。

(5) 不工作；休息 The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理让员工休息一天。

24. explain sth. to sb.= explain to sb. sth. --explanation(n)

25. mass n. 一堆；一块；一团

（1）a mass of = masses of 大量的；许多. 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词. After harvest, we will have a mass of rice. 收获以后，我们会有大量的水稻。 （2）the masses 群众 The masses are the true makers of history. （3）in the mass 一般来说 The work is well done in the mass.

26. now that既然 相当于since，引导原因状语从句，that可以省略。

Now that you have arrived, let’s start the meeting. 既然你们到了，我们开会吧。

27. get / have the hang of 学会使用；懂得 I can’t get the hang of his speech. give a hang about 对…有兴趣 I don’t give a hang about pop music.

28. break out 无被动

（1）爆发 The First World War broke out in 1914. （2）突然发生 A big fire broke out in the factory last night. （3）突然大声 People listening to the joke broke out laughing.

break…up 结束；拆开 break down 出故障；失败；身体垮了 break…down打到；破坏；消除break off断开；中断 break in闯入；打断；插话 break into 强行进入；打断

break up分开；放假 break through冲过；克服；战胜

29. warn vt. 警告

（1） warn sb. of / about sth. 警告 / 提醒某人某事 （2） warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事 （3）warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人别做某事 （4）warn sb. that… 警告；告诉某人可能发生某情况

30. get/be close(adj.) to 靠近 close adv. 具体的近 stand/sit close(adv.) to closely 抽象的 仔细地，严谨地 密切地

31. 倍数表达法：

A + 动词+倍数+as… as…… The hall is three times as large as our classroom. A + 动词+倍数+ more than…. = The hall is three times larger than the classroom. A + 动词+倍数+the +n+of = The hall is twice the size of our classroom.

32. watch out 小心，注意 watch out for 小心….

watch over 看管，照看，监视