b7u5grammar学案教师版

Unit 5 Grammar学案教师版

Revision of Non-restrictive Attributive Clauses非限制性定语从句

编写：郭玉坤 审核：王元涛、刘付玲

2014年3月6日 星期四

预习学案

1. They?ve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising actually. 2. I met Mr. Huang this morning, who is our general manager.

3. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, of which New York is an example.

4. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering.

5. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, when it was so poorly equipped.

6. As I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.

Revision

? 1. 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修

饰的先行词之后。

? 2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 ? 3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 ? 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as； 关系副词有when, where, why。 ? 关系词通常有下列三个作用：

A. 引导定语从句B. 代替先行词C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分

探究学案

定语从句

? 限制性定语从句(restrictive)

? 非限制性定语从句( non-restrictive)

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句:

所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉, 主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主句分开。

I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。 (如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了。) 非限制性定语从句:

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。

1. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。(去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整: 他的狗生病死了。)

2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。(去掉从句, 意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上 李雷了。)

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 形式上 意义上 限制性定语从句 不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整 非限制性定语从句 用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上 关系词的使用上 译成先行词的定语：“……的 ” 通常译成主句的并列句 1. 作宾语时可省略 2. 可用that 3. 可用who 代替whom 1. 不可省略 2. 不用that 3. 不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。 1. A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago.

B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999. 2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.

B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。

All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）

All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。（杂志只有一种，即都是带图画的）

当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。

His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.

在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。位置排列有两种。如：some of whom=of whom some

(联想: whose，有三种排列。如whose bike=the bike of whom=of whom the bike) 1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US. Please compare:试比较：

1. A. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. B. Mr. Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 2. A. The town where I live is beautiful. B. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful. 分析两种定语从句省略后的结果

1. A. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.（不能省略） B. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.（能省略）

2. A. The town where I live is beautiful.（不能省略） B. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.（能省略）

限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

1. He failed in the exam. _______ made his parents angry. 2. He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry. 3. He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers. 4. He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers. 答案：1. This2. which3. them 4. whom 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：

? 一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。

1. I like the book, which was bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。

? 二、 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。

1. I had told them the reason, for which I didn?t attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。

2. I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。)

? 三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制

性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。

1. As I expected, he didn?t believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。

2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。

? 四、 非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。 1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。

2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了会儿报纸。

? 五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能

用who替换，也不能省略。

1. Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。

2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。 (非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)

? 六、Which可指前面整个句子。

The sun sends out light and heat, which makes it possible for living things to exist on the earth.太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。 His father is an engineer, ____ makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what

练习学案

1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _______ is a hospital.

A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brother's purse, _______ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus.

A. there B. which C. in which D. that

3. His glasses, _______ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without which C. with which D. without those 4. The computer, _______ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that

5. In the past we lost many chances, _______ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which

6. The pen, _______ I had been writing for ten years, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it 7. Mary has two brothers, ________ are doctors.

A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both 8. On the way home I met my friend John, from _______ home the thief had stolen a computer.

A. whom B. which C. that D. whose 9. Paul, _________ everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent. A. that B. when C. which D. whom 10. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. what B. as C. that D. who

11. She showed her teacher a reason, ________ she was late for school the day before yesterday.

A. that B. which C. for which D. why

12. The 10:00 train, _______ is usually very punctual, was late this morning. A. as B. when C. that D. which 实战高考

1. I walked in our garden, _______ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005 辽宁卷)

A. which B. when C. where D. that

2. The Beatles, _______ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津卷)

A. what B. that C. how D. as 3. She was educated at Beijing University, ____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.(2006 陕西卷)

A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that

4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house，_______ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷)

A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 5. It is reported that two schools, _____are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川卷) （如果去掉are, 那么选哪个）

A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which

6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control. (2008 湖南卷) （如果去掉are，那么选哪个）

A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that

7. They will fly to Washington, _____they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重庆卷)

A. where B. there C. which D. when

8. Many children, ______ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village． (2009 安徽卷)

A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

9. Whenever I met her, _______ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009 山东卷)

A. who B. which C. when D. that

10. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _______ is named after his grandfather. (2010 全国I)

A. which B. Where C. What D. that

11. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _____ left their village homes for a better life in the city.(2010 浙江卷) （如果把left改为leaving，那么选哪个） A. whom B. which C. them D. those

填空练习

Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.

1. The famous basketball star, ____ is an American, came to China yesterday.

2. In those days, she used to go to Mr Black, with ______ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, ______ cost me a lot. 4. Xi?an, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.

5. He will come to see me next July, _______ he won?t be so busy. 6. The school, _______ I once studied, was built thirty years ago.

7. John said he?d been working in the office for an hour, _______ was true. 1. who 2. whom 3. which 4. which 5. when 6. where 7. which