省略句用法

省略

A.省略主、谓或宾

-What do you think made John so upset?你人为什么使约翰如此难过？

-(I think)Losing his wallet (made John so upset).他丢了钱包。

B.状语从句中的主谓省略

① 在以if、when、though、unless、as、as if等连词引导的从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,而且从句中的谓语动词是be，可以将状语从句中的主谓省略。

When (he was ) walking in the street, he met a friend.他在街上走的时候，遇到了一位朋友。

He will not come unless (he is ) invited.除非邀请他才肯来。

The research is so well designed that once(it is ) begun it can never be stopped.研究设计得如此好，一旦启动就无法停止。

② 如果从句主谓语是it is或it was，可以省略主谓结构， if it is possible, when it is necessary 等都是这种结构。

He ran as fast as (it was) possible.他拼命跑。

If （it is ）necessary有必要的话，加一个逗号。 if convenient,

注意：由after, because, before等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用-ing代替动词。 Because he was ill he didn’t attend the meeting.因为他病了，所以未出席会议。

Because of being ill, he didn’t attend the meeting. Because ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.(误) C.在限制性定语从句中作状语的关系副词when、why、where也可以省去。

This is the very reason (why) I want to kill you. 这就是我为何要杀死你的理由。

This was the first time (when) I had visited Beijing.这是我第一次参观北京。

D. 定语从句中做宾语的关系词可以省略 a. Do you remember the place (that / which) we visited last year?

b. That is the naughty boy (whom / that) we talked about just now.

c. I don’t like the way (that /which) he explained to me.

(比较I don’t like the way (in which / that) he speaks

to us. 此句中关系词做状语) E. 省略if 的虚拟条件句

(if从句中含有were / had / should,省略if,把were / had / should提前)

a. Were I you,I wouldn’t do such a thing. b. Should the machine break down again,send it back to us.

c. Had you worked harder,you would have passed the exam.

F.在状语的独立分词结构中，分词往往可以省略 The meeting (being)over, they walked out of the hall.会议结束了，他们走出了大厅。

The work (having been) done, he left the office.做完工作后，他离开办公室。

G.to代替不定式

to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try等动词连用。

-Would you like to come to the party? -你愿意参加晚会吗？

-I'd like to (come to the party).-我愿意。

--She didn’t pass the test .

---What a pity ! She should have (passed) .

---Tom hasn’t come back yet. ---He ought to have ( come back). F.强调句的省略

---Where did you buy the shirt ?

---It was in the shop______ we met Tom 3 days ago ______ I bought it .

3.---Did you work in the lab every afternoon? ---No, but sometimes, I wish I ____.

A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time to D. have time

5.Some students are going to China in summer vacation, and ____.

A.some are to America B. some going to America C. some to America D. some America

8.The photographs of other planets taken by satellite are clear than ___.

A. the earth B. those taken from the earth C.