名词性从句的翻译

名词性从句的翻译

英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。翻译的时候，大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但有时候也需要采用其他翻译方法来灵活处理。

一、主语从句

1） 以关联词what, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why或从属连词that, whether等词引导的主语从句，一般可以按照英文原句的顺序来翻译，即一般放在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。例如： What he told me was a sheer lie. 他对我说的全是谎言。

Whatever I saw and heard on my trip left me a very deep impression. 一路上的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象。

Whoever has made a trip to Huangshan must remember the clouds there.

凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记黄山的云。

Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.

一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时会让生物学家颇伤脑筋。

2) 对于it作形式主语的主语从句，可以先译主句，顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句，这样的话，一般需要在主句前加译“这”。需要注意的是，如果强调it，可以将其译出；如果不需要强调，也可不译。例如：

It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.

真奇怪，她竟然看不出自己的缺点。

It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us. 她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。

It doesn’t make much difference to me whether you come or not. 你来不来我不在乎。

3) 对于It is （universally）known that?(众所周知)，It is believed that?（据说），It is said that?（据说），It is reported that?（据报道）这类的固定句式，一般都译成“据??”。例如：

It is universally known that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.

众所周知，物体在水中比在空气中轻。

It is said that drinking much pure water is good for health. 据说，多喝纯净水有益于健康。

二、宾语从句

1）以that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if等引导的宾语从句，翻译成汉语时，一般可以按照英文原句的顺序进行翻译。例如： We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that alcohol abuse can kill.

我们都知道吸烟对健康有害，我们也知道酗酒会危及人的生命。 I told him how appealing I found the offer. 我告诉他，这机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。

2) it作形式宾语的句子，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原句的顺序翻译；it一般可以不译。例如：

Nutritional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are indispensable for one’s health.

营养实验证明，维生素是人们的健康所必需的。

I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.

我向他们讲清楚了，他们必须在上午10点之前交卷。

3) it作形式宾语的句子，当主句部分表示“感到??，认为??”时，可以将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。例如： I regard it as a shame that I was blamed by my teacher. 遭到老师的批评，我感到很丢人。

We consider it absolutely right that we should try our best to achieve a greater success.

我们应该努力去获得更大的成功，这样做是十分正确的。

三、表语从句

从句位于主句的系动词之后，在句中充当表语，引导表语从句的从属连词和引导主语从句的从属连词相同，一般可以按照英语原句的顺序直接进行翻译。例如：

What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. 他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，绝不后退半步。