英语中的五种基本句型

南京市第十三中学高一暑期衔接课教学案

1.He 2. He 3. He 4. He passed cooked brought bought him her husband you her him him him me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. 5. I showed 6. I 7. I 8. He gave told showed 基本句型 五

Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

Ｖ Ｓ （及物） 1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw （宾语） the table （宾补） clean. Ｏ Ｃ the door green. supper dinner. the house dirty. him him me them sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 5

南京市第十三中学高一暑期衔接课教学案

典型例题分析 ? 1.They work hard. 主 + 谓 ? 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 ? 3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾 ? 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 简宾

? 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 ? 6.Many animals live in trees. 主 + 谓

除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）为例：

We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important

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南京市第十三中学高一暑期衔接课教学案

report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：

He's getting angry. (S V P) He got through the window. (S V O) You'll get a surprise. (S V O) He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) He got himself into trouble. (S V O C) He got her a splendid present. (S V O O) 在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:

I found the book easily。 我很容易地找到了这本书。(S V O M） I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） I have to do something. 我得做点事。 I have something to do. 我有点事做。

练习：

题一 指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型 1. They are students．（ ）

2. The flowers turn red in Spring. ( ) 3.The boys laughed. ( ) 4. We study English. ( )

5. The teachers asked me two questions. ( ) 6. We all call him Xiao Li. ( ) 7.China is a socialist country. ( ) 8. The sun rises in the east. ( )

9. We gave him a hearty welcome. ( ) 10.Lei Feng died young. ( )

11. I saw him going upstairs. ( ) 12. It is not a pen. ( )

13. Only in that way, can we learn English. ( ) 14. One must do one’s duty. ( )

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南京市第十三中学高一暑期衔接课教学案

题二 把下面句子翻译成英语并指出是哪种句型

1. 这辆自行车是黄色的。 2. 地图在我们教室的墙上。3．她看上去很年轻。 4．孩子们喜欢玩雪。5．他们想看电视。6．她把所有的照片给她朋友们看。 7．他给予了我们许多帮助。 8．李先生给我们带来了一些彩纸 9．我们将要你开你那辆小汽车。 10．我们称我们的校长为聪明人。

并列句

并列句(compound sentence)由两个或两个以上的简单句并列而成.例: 1. This bag is blue and that one is red. 2. Hurry or you won’t make the train. 3. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.(刺)

结论:常见的并列句结构是: 简单句+并列连词+简单句.这种简单句常被叫做分句.并列连词之间可用逗号,也可不用逗号. 1. I had a drink, then I went home.

2. He was angry, nevertheless he listened to me.

3. I want to go to the party, however, I have no transport. 4. I am busy today, so can you come tomorrow?

结论: 并列分句也可用连接副词连接. 简单句+连接副词+简单句

常见的并列连词和连接副词有: and, but, so, or, nor, therefore, yet, however, then, as well as, not only…but also, both…and, either… or, neither… nor.

复合句

复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句组成。从句包含名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句），副词性从句即状语从句，和形容词性从句即定语从句。

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