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2) 谓语动词(predicate students study. (学生学习。) we are friends. (我们是朋友)
这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词(notional verbs),are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。
说明: 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如: he fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) he fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 (1)状态系动词 :用来表示主语状态,只有be一词(is, am, are) , he is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
(2) 持续系动词: 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain,
stay, lie, stand, 例如:
he always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 this matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
(3)表像系动词: 用来表示看起来像这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: he looks tired. 他看起来很累。
he seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
(4)感官系动词: 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: this kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 this flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 he became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
she grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
(6)终止系动词: 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实,变成之意,
the rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 the search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
his plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果) 4) 宾语(object) 表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。
they are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) i play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。 1
we’re better and better!~angela’s phone number: 18676324859 这两句话中单词red和 tall 都是形容词,它们作定语。
这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容 词,它们都作状语。
通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句 子后面。句子的成分分布如下: practice:练习:
a. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分:
1)i have two elder sisters. (我有两个姐姐。) subject:predicative verbs object:attribute:
adverbial:
2) they dont swim very well.(他们游泳不太好。) subject:predicative verbs object:attribute: adverbial:
3) do you go to school every day? (你每天去上学吗?) subject:predicative verbs object:attribute: adverbial:
4) i really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。) subject: predicative verbs object:attribute: adverbial:
5) miss smith teaches english very well.(史密斯先生教英语非常好。) we’re better and better!~angela’s phone number: 18676324859 2 subject: predicative verbs object:attribute:adverbial: 6) is angela your teacher?
subject: predicative verbs object:predicative: 7)time is money.
subject: predicative verbs object:predicative: b.检查句子成分,判断正误并改正错误! 1) the teacher in the classroom.()
2) sing many songs and dance happily. ( 3) she tells. (
4) many people living in the country.(
5) all the books on the desk over there. ( c.用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~): sometimes, there are avalanches in the mountains.
they can happen in winter or summer, if there’s lots of snow. many things can make an avalanche.
a big noise or an animal can make an avalanche. the wind or people can also make an avalanche. d、用符号划出下列英语短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~): avalanches are very dangerous.
the snow moves down the mountain very fast. people plant trees to stop the avalanches. sometimes, they use explosives.
this is a rescue team. they help people and animals in the mountains. they have a helicopter. it makes lots of noise.
sometimes, they can’t use the helicopter because it can make an avalanche. we’re better and better!~angela’s phone number: 18676324859 ) ) ) ) 3篇二:英语句子成分结构详解 英语句子成分结构详解
一、英语语句基本结构分析: (一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! he made a speech. two and two is four.
to be a teacher is my dream.
doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
many changes took place in my home town.
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:i will do it tomorrow. the boy needs a pen. i like swimming.
i like to swim this afternoon. (二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。 (1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意, 注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: he became a teacher at last. his face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词 eg: he looks well.他面色好。 it sounds nice.这个听起来不错。 i feel good.我感觉好。
the egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:tom is a boy.(tom是个男孩)主语为tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)there be 结构: there be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:there is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。 二、定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘??的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
the little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 (二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语: his boy needs toms pen.他的男孩需要tom的钢笔。
there are two boys of toms there.那儿有tom家的两个男孩。 (四)介词短语作定语:
the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 the boy in blue is tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
there are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 (五)名词作定语:
the boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语:
the boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 不定式作定语:
the boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 (六)分词(短语)作定语:
the smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七) 定语从句:
the boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。 三、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:the boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩(此时‘in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘in the classroom,the boy calls the girl. (一)副词(短语)作状语:
the boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
the boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
the boy needs a pen now./now,the boy needs a pen./the boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语) (二)介词短语作状语:
in the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) before his mother,tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) on sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
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