写作基础知识 及练习WRITING-week 1& 2

own food.

ORDER OF IMPORTANCE: OUTLINING

An outline for an order of importance paragraph follows one of the two following forms:

Topic Sentence (Transition) A. The most important point (reason, factor, example, etc.) is ... (Transition) B. Next point (Transition) C. Next point (Transition) D. Final point Concluding sentence 如果将最重要的一点放在最后，则提纲如下 Topic Sentence (Transition) A. First point (Transition) B. Next point

(Transition) C. The most important point (reason, factor, example, etc.) is Concluding sentence

Practice 15: Outlining for Order of Importance

A. Write a simple outline for the Model paragraph in this section, “The causes of inflation,”. In the left margin, note the transition signals used, following the outlining example for “ The Evolution of Computers”

B. Write a simple outline for any two of the following topics. Follow the same directions as for A, above.

1. The problems of a foreign student in the United States

2. The qualities of a good teacher (student, wife, husband, friend) 3. The most important holidays in China

4. Important inventions in the twentieth century 5. Important discoveries in the field of medicine 6. Important developments in your major field

7. Important influences on your life (people or events or both)

Topic Suggestions

The traditional celebrations of Spring Festival in China

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Your autobiography or the biography of a famous person The reasons for choosing your particular major field.

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Writing Under Pressure

Choose a topic from either Group A or Group B below and write a paragraph on that subject. write a simple outline before you begin, using either chronological order or order of importance.

Group A---Order of Importance Group B---Chronological Order Why it is important to ________ a. ______learn English b. ______get a college education c. ______own an automobile d. ______earn a lot of money e. ______conserve energy f. ______reduce pollution g. ______stop smoking

Suggested limits:

Outlining Time----3 minutes Writing Time------10 minutes Checking Time----2 minutes Total------ 15 minutes

The happiest day in your life The unhappiest day in your life A typical day in your life

A perfect day in your “ideal” life 31

Writing Task V:

在学习写作中，最常出现的问题就是没有足够的事实来支持主题句的发展， 从而使文章读起来非常

空洞。如果在文章中加入一些事例、阐述、引用和数据， 就会非常有说服力了。 Model 1: Concrete supporting details

World Refugees

Duc Tong knew that the voyage would be risky, but he also knew that he had no choice. If he and his family stayed in their country, there was little hope for their future. So one night he, his wife, and ten other members of his family boarded a small, rickety boat, taking with them only what they could carry, and set sail along with thirty-six other Vietnamese. Their voyage was a nightmare. Before they reached safety, they were attacked by two different groups of pirates, and during a terrible storm, their supplies were washed overboard. Eleven of the older people died, and the survivors were delirious from lack of food and water.(Illustrative Incident)

The rising tide of refugees around the world is rapidly becoming a flood. According to figures published by the United Nations, there are more than 6.2 million refugees and an additional 2.6 million people who are classified as “displaced persons”. That makes a total of nearly 9 million.(Statistics)

No corner of the Earth is without a refugee problem, although the African continent has so far produced the greatest number. Ethiopias, with its 1.6 million refugees, has produced three times as many refugees as Vietnam and Cambodia combined. The Middle East has its Palestinian and more recently, Afghan refugees. In the Western Hemisphere, Haiti, Cuba and the Central American countries of El Salvador and Guatemala are producing refugees by the thousands.(Examples)

The refugees present problems not only for themselves, but also for the countries that take them in. As Victor Palmieri, the U.S. coordinator for refugee affairs, has put it, “The worldwide refugee explosion is a massive tragedy in human terms and a growing crisis in financial terms for the countries bearing the burden.” (Quotations)

Model 2: Study the two models to see how examples and illustrative incidents

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