中考英语第二轮专项复习：名词 冠词 代词

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六、常见易混名词及短语分析

1. home, house, family, room : family―家，家庭‖强调家庭中的全体成员，不含住房

home ―家‖指人们生活居住的地方 强调居住的范围和环境 house ―住宅，家‖强调房屋和居住点

1) He left _______ at the age of sixteen. 2) My cousin has bought a _______ with a beautiful garden. 3) His _______ are all fond of listening to pop music. 4) Which ________ do you live in ? 2. sound, voice, noise voice是―嗓音‖；noise是―吵闹音‖，；sound是指人所听到的。自然界的任何声音。

1) Listen ! Can you hear a strange ___ upstairs? 2) Jane has a beautiful____. 3) I hate the loud ________ outside. 3. cause, reason:1) The _______ of the fire is still unknown. 2) Please give me your ________ for being late. 4. practice, training, exercise, exercises

1) It takes a lot of _________ to play the piano well. 2) He has had no college ________.

3) You should take more____ to keep healthy. 4) Doing eye ________ is good for your eyes. 5. job, work :job可数，一项具体的工作，work是不可数，指工作、劳动、努力、用功。 1) I’m glad to hear that you have found a good _______.

2) Many people were out of _______ because of financial crisis last year.

6. problem, question :problem与―困难‖相联系，question总是与―疑问，询问‖相联系，―问题‖是―有待回答的‖，常与动词answer连用。1) Air pollution is one of the greatest _________ in the world. 2) May I ask you a _____ ? 7. price, prize :1) What’s the ______ of the dress? = How much is the dress? 2) John won the first _______ in yesterday’s singing competition.

专题三 代词

用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词和连接代词八种。 等。

一、人称代词 数 人称 格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 句子的成份 作主语 作 直接宾语 宾 间接宾语 语 介词宾语 作表语 例句 Mrs. Sun is an English teacher. She teaches us geography. Let her play now. We often meet him at the school gate Granny offered us fruit. The sun gives us light and heat. Please sit between him and me. The teacher took good care of us. –Who is that?–It’s me. 单数 主格 I you He/she/it 宾格 me you him/her/it 主格 we you they 复数 宾格 are you them 1． 人称代词不仅仅指人，也可以指事或物。 2． 人称代词主格单数he, she和it的复数，都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。

3. 人称代词的语序: 单数（二、三、一） You 、he/she/ 、____ 复数（一、二、三）we you they

二、物主代词

物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；名词性物主代词相当于―形容词性物主代词+名词‖，相当于名词，可以作主语、表语或宾语。 形容词性物主代词 数 人称 单数 第 5 页 共 11 页

复数 2_______________ 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 数 名词性物主代词 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 my 我的 your 你的 his 他的，her 她的，its 它的 单数 mine 我的 yours 你的 his 他的，hers 她的，its 它的 our 我们的 your 你们的 their 他们的 复数 ours 我们的 yours 你们的 theirs 他们的 物主代词的用法：

（1）形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。例如：His pencil box is on the desk.. （2）名词性物主代词作名词用=―形容词性物主代词+名词‖，后面不可再加名词。 作主语： Richard’s school bag is blue and mine ___ black. 作表语： It’s his. 这是他的（东西）。

作宾语： He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine.（及物动词的宾语）

―of+名词性物主代词‖可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 注意：This is a photo of _____. 这是我的一张照片。（照片是我拥有的，不一定是我本人） This is a photo of _____. 这是一张我本人的照片。（照片上是我本人）

三、反身代词

反身代词用于所强调的动作与动作执行者的关系，强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。 单数 复数 myself ourselves我们自己 yourself yourselves你们自己 himself herself itself Themselves他们自己 例句 My father taught h Japanese. Please help y to some fruit, everyone. The twelve-year-old boy can take care of h . Don’t think too much of y . 反身代词的用法： 句子成分 宾语直接宾语 介词宾语 同主语同位 She taught Thomas Edison h . The detective story it is worth reading. 位— Li Ming, I want to ask for leave. — You’d better ask the teacher h / h________. 语宾语同位 反身代词词组: 自学 自学 受伤 请自便 玩的开心 独自 亲自

四、指示代词 指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等。 1. This, that, these those的用法：作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

1）This(these)时间或空间上较近的，that(those)常时间或空间上较远的， This is my pen That is yours 2）this 指下文要提到的事 that 指前面刚刚提到过的事。 Please remember________ : No pains , no gains 3）打电话用语 this 介绍自己，that 询问对方。 This is Lucy , is that Nancy speaking ? 4) The history of China is as interesting as of America.

The radios made in Shanghai are as good as made in Tianjin. The weather in Nanjing is hotter than _____ in Beijing

5)回答： Is this your motorcycle? No, _________. Are those calculators expensive? Yes, t__________. 2、such和same的用法：such常在句中作主语、定语和表语，表示―这样‖。

same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意为―同样的‖，same前必须加定冠词the。

（1）such 一般在句子中作定语或主语。such ―这样‖，such a 这样一个，such as 像…这样的…。 Such is our trip plan. (主语) I have never read such an excited book. （定语） （2）same 可作定语、表语、主语和宾语。We were born on the same day. (定语) 第 6 页 共 11 页

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五、疑问代词：who（谁）, whose（谁的）, whom（谁）,what（什么）, which(哪个）. 1、who在句中作主语，whom作宾语。口语中常用who代whom，但若前面有介词，用whom. _____ is the girl in red? 那穿红衣服女孩是谁？_____ are you waiting for? 你们在等谁？ With _______ did they play basketball? 他们和谁一起打篮球？

2、Which 指的物有范围限制，侧重哪一个；What 指的物无范围限制，侧重种类。 ____ do you like ? I like apples . ______ do you like best ? The red one 疑问代词注意：

1．Who 询问别人姓名，身份或关系。What 询问别人职业。 _______ are you ? ________ are you ? 2．Whose 用于明确所有者，Whom 在口语中，whom 多为 who 代替。

六、不定代词:不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。

有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代词

可以代替名词和形容词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

但none和由some, any, no, every thing, -body, -one构成的复合不定代词（如somebody等）只能作主语、宾语和表语；而every和no只能作定语。

1) 复合不定代词 something somebody someone anything anybody anyone nothing nobody no one everything everybody everyone 1.复合不定代词

a. someone, anything等作主语时，其后用单数谓语动词

Someone has told me about this before.(作主语) b. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing。。。时，形容词要放在其后

I’ve got something interesting to tell you. c. I don’t know anything about it.=I know nothing about it. C、由some, any ,no, every.构成的复合不定代词的用法 代替人 代替物

Somebody(有人) =Someone Something(某事) Anybody(有人、任何人)= Anyone Anything(任何事)

Nobody(没有人)=No oneb Everything(一切，事事) Everybody (人人，每人)=Everyone Nothing(没有东西)

Somebody(有人，某人): There is _______ in the room . The light is on .

Anybody(有人、任何人) :There isn’t _______ in the room . The light is off .

Is there _______ in the room ?__________can go to the party .

Is anyone at home ? I wonder 变成宾语从句I wonder if ________ is at home Nobody(没有人) :There isn’t anybody in the room =There is _____ in the room .

Everybody(每人，人人) ______ is here now 每个人都到了 The exam is easy ,but I don’t think ____can pass it . Is ______ here ? 每个人都到了吗、 Is _______at home ?有人在家吗？

1.以上不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.:There ____ nothing wrong with it 2.不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时, 该形容词、动词不定式要放在其后。

Is there _________ ______ in today’s newspaper？重要的东西 He has nothing _____ ＿＿＿＿＿ 无所事事 3.在表示请求、建议期待一个肯定回答时，用some系列, 而不用any系列。

第 7 页 共 11 页

2_______________

Would you like __________ to drink?

4. any系列一般用于否定句和疑问句中，但如有必要也可用于肯定句或if宾语从句中I ask if ______is at home ._________ who need energy can wear green . 5.注意none, nothing, no one/nobody的区别:

人 ： 物体： 人和物体： 1 _________可以和of 连用，其它的不能和of连用;

2 ________既可指人，也可指物，它只是指在一定范围内，代替上下文已出现过的名词。谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。 Nothing表―没有什么东西‖，只指物，不能指人，。No one（=nobody） 一般用来指人， 3.回答how many 或how much开头的问句用________, 回答who开头的问句用 _______或_________；回答what 引导的问句用_______。

2. one ,ones 数 单数 One 复数 Ones 人称 物主代词 One’s 自身代词 oneself a. A: Look at the boy! B: Which ? A: The wearing a sweater.(作主语，指人) b. The old houses here have been pulled down and a lot of new will be built.(作宾语，指物) I like your mobile phone . I want to buy ______. The model planes look like the real _____.

3. some , any

some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句或疑问句中。但在表示请求、建议、反问的疑问句里，则用some。而any用作―任何‖解释时，可用于肯定句或条件从句中。例如：

Would you like _________ coffee ? If you have questions, you can come _________ time. a. He asked for more sauce and I passed him some. b. Do you know any of her friends? c. There is much milk in the fridge. Would you like ? (表示邀请)

4. other/others;the other/the others 1). Some like running , / (= students ) like jogging .(泛指)

2). There are thirty students. Twenty are girls. (= students ) are boys.(特指) one... the other/one... another ; 总共只有两个，其中的一个是one，另一个是the other。超过两个，其中的一个是one，另一个是____。 1). She has got two pets. One is a dog, is a cat.

2). I have three uncles. One is a teacher, two = (the ) are engineers. 3).I travel from ____place to ______

5. another

a. I don’t like this one. Show me .(作宾语)

b. This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one ( = another book)? (定语) c. He got three books, one is a dictionary, is a play, the third is a grammar. (作主语) d. I need _________ two books= two ___________

6. both , neither , either 含义 作定语修饰名词 作主语时谓语 both 两者都（肯定） 名词要用复数 用复数 either 两者之中的任意一个 名词要用单数 用单数 第 8 页 共 11 页 neither 两者都不（否定） 名词要用单数 用单数