汉译英句子翻译原则

汉译英

句子的翻译专题 1. 主语的确定

? 主语的三种处理方法： ? ① 以原句主语作译文主语 ? 直接法

? ② 重新确定主语 ? 间接法 ? ③ 增补主语 ? 添加法 ? ① 直接法

? 例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ? Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ? 例句2：我是地球人。 ? I come from the earth.

? 例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。

? Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ? 例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。

? If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing.

? 例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 ? China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ? 例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。

? As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ? 非常简单

? 文化差异 ? 应用有限 ? ② 间接法

? 中英文表达的习惯不同 ? 语言地道，句式多样

? 例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。

? 译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.

? 译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.

? 例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 ? 译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly.

? 译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ? 例句9：胎又瘪了。

? 译法1：We’ve got another flat tire. ? 译法2：Our tire is flat again.

? 例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。

? 译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints.

? 译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ? 回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。 ? ③ 增补法

? 推敲语境

? 考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。

? 例句11：沉默呵，沉默呵！不在沉默中爆发，就在沉默中灭亡。 ? Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.

? 练习1：中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪地驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。 ? 菜鸟级

? The ship of China’s socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization. ? 魔王级：

? China will stride forward in building socialism, like a ship braving the wind and the waves, towards the glorious destination of modernization. ? 练习2：我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋友，而且成为兄弟。 ? 菜鸟级：

? The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but brothers as well. ? 魔王级：

? Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers. ? 练习3：他心直口快，总是愿意和任何人交朋友，所以很快赢得了大家的信任。 ? 雏鸟级：

? His outspokenness and readiness to make friends with anyone soon won their trust. ? 小妖级：

? He was very outspoken and always ready to make friends with anyone, so he won their trust. ? 大师级：

? He was so frank, outspoken and constantly willing to make friends with anyone that he soon won their trust. ? 练习4：中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。

? 菜鸟级：

? The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries. ? 小妖级：

? A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries. ? 大师级：

? The rest of the world will confront no threat from a strong, prosperous and developed China. ? 练习5：轻纺工业产品的花色品种增多，质量继续有所提高。 ? 菜鸟级

? The designs and variety of light industrial and textile products have increased and their quality has continued to improve. ? 魔王级

? Light industry and textile products are now available in better designs and quality and richer variety. ? 口译：楼的质量不好

? The quality of the building is poor. ? The building is not well built.

? 练习6：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。

? Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight. ? 练习7：真是太荒谬了。 ? It’s utterly absurd.

? 练习8：只有冷静才能成功。 ? Success depends on calm minds. ? 练习9：端午节吃粽子。

? On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat zongzi.

? 练习10：上海近几年发生的巨大变化赢得了全世界人民的赞叹。 ? That Shanghai has changed greatly in recent years has won admiration from people all over the world. ? 从句做主语