基于ATS89C52单片机的多功能智能小车设计1 - 图文

成都理工大学工程技术学院毕业设计

基于ATS89C52单片机的多功能智能 小车设计

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基于ATS89C52单片机的多功能智能小车设计

摘要

智能作为现代的新发明，是以后的发展方向，他可以按照预先设定的模式在一个环境里自动的运作，不需要人为的管理，可应用于科学勘探等等的用途。智能电动车就是其中的一个体现。本次设计的简易智能电动车，采用STC89C52单片机作为小车的检测和控制核心；智能小车是一种能够通过编程手段完成特定任务的小型化机器人, 它具 有制作成本低廉,电路结构简单,程序调试方便等优点.由于具有很强的趣味性,智能小车深受广大机器人爱好者以及高校学生的喜爱. 本论文介绍的是具有自动避障功能的智能小车的设计与制作 (以下简称 智能小车) ,论文对智能小车的方案选择,设计思路,以及软硬件的功能和工作原理进行了详细的分析和论述.经实践验收测试,该智能小车的电路结构简单,调试方便,系统反映快速,灵活,设计方案正确,可行,各项指标 稳定,可靠.

智能避障小车采用四轮驱动，每个轮子各用一个直流电机驱动，通过轮子的正反转动从而达到控制转向的目的。在车体前部装有超声波传感器，当小车前面的传感器检测到障碍时，小车车头转向，这时主控芯片控制其中一个电机反转，车体转向。控制电机驱动来实现前进，转向，倒退等。

本设计结构简单，较容易实现，但具有高度的智能化、人性化，一定程度体现了智能。

关键词：智能车 STC89C52 单片机 L298N

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基于ATS89C52单片机的多功能智能小车设计

Abstract

Smart sa a modern invention,the development direction of the future intelligence can be according to the preset mode automaticallu in an environment of operation ,don’t need to think of management,can be used in scientific exploration and si on.Intelligent electric vehicle is one of the embodiment.The design of simple intelligent electric cars,using STC89C52single chip microcomputer as the car detection and control core;Intelligent car is a kind of be able to complete the specific task by programming means the miniaturization

Of the robot,it has low production cost,circuit structure is simple and convenient program debugging.Due to the strong interst,the smart car was deeply loved by robot lovers as well as college students.This paper introduces the intelligent car with obstacle avoidance function is the design and production,paper for smart car scheme selection,design idea and the function and working principle of the hardwave and software has carried on the detailed analysis and discussion.Acceptance testing by practice,the smart car circuit has simple structure,convenient debugging,the system response is fast,flesible,design scheme is correct,feasible and reliable indicators.

Intelligent obstacle avoidance car with four-wheel drive,each wheel with a dc motor drive,through the positive rotation of the wheel so as to achieve the aim of control steering.ultrasonic sensor mounted at the pfont of the car when the sensor to detect obstacles in front of the car,the car front steering,this is one of the main control chip control motor reversing,car body turning.control motor drive to achieve forward,steeting,backards.

This design has simple structure,easy to implement,but are highly intelligent,humane,to a certain extent reflects the intelligence.

Keywords Intelligent car STC89C52 Single chip L298N

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基于ATS89C52单片机的多功能智能小车设计

目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................... I Abstract .............................................................................................................................. II 目录 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 前言 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1. 系统的总体与设计 ........................................................................................................ 2

1.1 要求 ...................................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1 基本要求 ................................................................................................... 2 1.2 总体设计 .............................................................................................................. 2 2. 方案比较与选择 ............................................................................................................ 3

2.1 主控单元 .............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 电机方案 .............................................................................................................. 3 2.3 舵机 ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 无线模块 .............................................................................................................. 5

2.4.1工作原理 .................................................................................................... 5 2.4.2无线模块PT2262/PT2272 ......................................................................... 5 2.5 蓝牙模块 .............................................................................................................. 6

2.5.1传输原理 .................................................................................................... 7 2.5.2采用HC-06蓝牙转串口模块 ................................................................... 7 2.6超声波模块 ........................................................................................................... 8

2.6.1工作原理 .................................................................................................... 8 2.6.2实物图 ........................................................................................................ 8 2.7避障模块 ............................................................................................................... 8 3．主要芯片及硬件单元分析 ........................................................................................... 9

3.1芯片STC89C52 .................................................................................................... 9

3.1.1ATS89C52概述 .......................................................................................... 9 3.1.2引脚功能及描述 ........................................................................................ 9 3.1.3工作原理 .................................................................................................. 10 3.2芯片L298N ......................................................................................................... 12

3.2.1L298N简介 ............................................................................................... 12 3.2.2引脚功能及描述 ...................................................................................... 13 3.2.3控制原理 .................................................................................................. 13 3.3 电机方案 ............................................................................................................ 15

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