4.翻译硕士考研英语模拟试题四

outsize特大的。

16.C 句意：他不可能对食品零售业所要求的高度竞争策略做出显著贡献。food retailing食

品零售业。retailing零售业。retail零售，零卖（常作定语）。 17.C hardly/scarcely…when表示“一?就”，该结构中前半部分需用过去完成时，后半部分

用一般现在时。

18.D pressing迫切的。consequential结果的。subsequent后来的。emergent突然出现的。 19.A 副词apparently修饰形容词regular，形容词regular修饰名词scratches，表示“看起来

很有规律的刮痕”。

20.C 表示旅店房间必须在中午清房。vacate表示腾出（房间），使空缺。depart离开，启程，

为不及物动词。abandon抛弃，遗弃。displace移置，转移，替换。

21.B 不定式短语在so…as结构中做结果状语，difference与notice之间是被动关系，选项

B正确。

22.A 句意：已有的任何机械装置都无法令人满意地取代头状花序起绒器为坯布起绒。has

ever been invented是句子的谓语部分，故C、D项不能入选。“not the+名词”表示并非…，与句意不符。只有A项正确。 23.B 句意：这位政治家显然被记者的提问惹恼了，因为他怒视着那位记者达几秒钟。put out

使惹恼，使不高兴。put down记下；镇压。put across解释清楚，说明。put away处理掉；把…收好，拿开；排斥。 24.C 句意：据说托马斯·哈代的小说深受“巧合力量”的影响，因为很多事件看起来是一种

偶然关系，而非因果关系。incidental偶然发生的。substantial实质的，真实的。causal因果关系的。plausible似是而非的。 25.D 句意：粗俗的人十分渴望像高雅的人那样欣赏他们的交响乐，阅读俄罗斯小说。yearn

for渴望，盼望。skeptic of/about怀疑的，不相信的。stunning令人震惊，令人惊奇的。 26.D 后半句是前半句的伴随动作，两个半句用逗号连接，所以后半句不能出现谓语。也可

以知道手是被folded的，而非主动动作，所以选项D正确。 27.D 句意：他们设计了一个只有火柴盒大小的模型。no+比较级+than表示“和?一样不?”。 28.A justify one’s effort使某人的努力有所值。testify作证；证实。rectify改正；精馏。verify

证实，核实。

29.A be proficient at…精通?。outstanding杰出的。prominent突出的，著名的。experienced

有经验的。根据常识，作为工程师需要精通数学，并不一定要在数学领域成为杰出或著名的人才。

30.C 句意：语言是属于全体社会成员的，属于清洁工，同样也属于教授。much表示程度，

as much as 表示“程度相当”。as far as和?一样远。the same as和?完全一样。as long as只要?就。A、B、D三项不符合题意。 PART II READING COMPREHENSION

Passage One

31.B 第一段在谈论dualistic thinkers存在的问题时指出：由于这些观点是外界强加给他们

的，因此cannot be personally substantiated or authenticated by experience“不能得到个人证实或个人实践的鉴别”，而学生们也就成了权威的奴隶，选项B正确。

32.C 本题可用排除法。最后一段指出，committed thinkers最终会选择join a particular

community，同意依照它的原则行事，表明他们能够确定自己的位置，选项A不正确。第三段谈论relativistic时指出“students resist decision making”，因为他们被多样性控制，无法选择，因此选项B “they have chosen their own positions in it”也不正确。文章首段已经谈到dualistic thinkers被动接受权威观点，不能用自身实际充实和证明这些

观点，因此D项也不正确。 33.B 第二段谈到，在multiplicity阶段，学生们接受各种观点，并认为“to have an opinion is

everyone’s right”，他们认为每一个观点都时正确的（valid），因此可判断此处用democracy是因为学生们的认知阶段与“民主”有相似之处，认为“人人平等，所有观点都正确”，选项B正确。

34.D 文中谈到了学生们认知的四个阶段：dualistic阶段，学生们盲目接受权威，并不能对

之进行解释，对应选项B；multiplicity阶段，学生们认为every point is valid，因此任何事情也就不存在对错之分，对应选项A；relativism阶段，学生们认为right and wrong depend on the context，对应选项C；commitment阶段，学生们能够在diversity中找出自己的位置，并恪守其团体原则。选项D“人们认为每一行为都能用因果关系和影响效应解释”在文中没有谈到。

35.D 本文主要讲述了学生认知思想发展的四个阶段，四个阶段中层层递进，与前者相比，

取得了进化和发展，因此可用evolution概括，在叙述四个阶段时，作者又分别列举了每一阶段学生对capital punishment的看法，选项D最能概括文章结构。

Passage Two

36.D 由第一、二段可知，pasteurization即巴氏杀菌法，是指对食物进行a carefully controlled

mild heat treatment，即加热到一定温度并持续一段时间以杀死可能导致疾病的微生物的过程。

37.B 根据第三段对杀菌法的介绍，杀菌的效率the efficiency of pasteurization.是常常依据

destruction of tubercle bacillus来判断的。

38.B 第四、五段分别介绍“holder”和 H.T.S.T.。通过比较可知，“holder”要求温度为63

degrees centigrade，H.T.S.T.要求72 degrees。对于杀菌效果、操作难易程度、能源利用率，作者并未对两者进行比较。

39.B 本题考察文章细节。第一段介绍，巴氏杀菌法是根据French scientist Louis Pasteur命

名的。各种杀菌法对温度的要求从60，63 到72 degrees各不相同。杀菌效率可达到99 percent或one million to only a few thousand per cubic centimeter，但都不能达到100%。对于tubercle bacillus是不是牛奶中数量最多的细菌，文章并未介绍。 40.B 通读全文可知，文章首先介绍pasteurization的由来和杀菌步骤，然后以“holder” 和改

进后的H.T.S.T.杀菌法为例，介绍杀菌法的发展。

Passage Three

41.B 由第一段最后一句writing about them…felt like joining the enemy可知在作者眼中，当

餐厅评论家与投奔敌人一样。

42.A 本句中提到出版商started paying me for my opinions，这是有利可图的。选项A为正

确答案。

43.D 从第四段倒数第二句可以得知作者在写餐馆评论。她不在餐馆工作，而且生活并不奢

侈，其写作目的也并未为了得到信用卡。

44.D 从本段得知，美国的大部分人都能负担起在餐馆吃饭的费用，推断出美国大部分餐馆

都不贵。选项A不符合文意。选项B根据American food has come of age得知美国食物并非一成不变。选项C并不能由文中推出，只能推测出在美国看电影便宜。

45.B 由第二段I had stopped cooking professionally得知作者曾经是厨师。

Passage Four

46. Sarin and soman are cheap and simple to manufacture, a drop of either can kill an adult in several minutes, and they can be extremely dangerous in the hands of terrorists such as weird cults.（第一段第三句提到这两种化合物能够造成大规模破坏，popular with dictators who

have not been able to build nuclear bombs暗指恐怖主义国家独裁者，即恐怖分子，and with weird cults as Aum Shinrikyo即日本奥姆真理教这一邪教。）

47. It is to be used to test toxic gases.（第二段最后一句指出Dr Murray有一种新的方法能pick up minute qualities of the two gases，也即能够鉴别有毒气体。）

48. Molecular imprints, which are special pockets, are chemically etched into the detector.（第四段前两句指出为了防止误报，Dr Murray采用了special pockets called molecular imprints。） 49. Unlike legitimate organophosphorous compounds such as insecticides , this device doesn’t go off in response to wrong signals.（第二段最后一句指出这个装置不会误报，且第四段第一句指出防止装置的灯因错误信号熄灭而采用的特殊装置。）

50. Sarin and soman are two extremely dangerous material, especially when they are in the hands of terrorists. Dr Murray put forward a device which can be used to test toxic gases. However, his technology will work just as well on sarin and saman gas, it can not detect airborne nerve gases easily.

PART III WRITING (1×30=30 POINTS)

The Benefits of Opposition

It is the human nature to prefer hearing something sweet, favorable and complimentary when you express your opinions and ideas. However, we do need something that sounds not so good to adjust our state of mind in case we might be carried away by too much conceit. Opposition is undoubtedly unpleasant for ear at that moment, but it is actually helpful and healthy to our mind in long run. From it, we can benefit a lot.

Firstly, opposition spurs us to have a more incisive perception of ourselves. When our opinions encounter disagreements or challenges, we are bound to look deep inside ourselves so as to find out what is wrong, and why it is not satisfactory for others. In analyzing the idea brought up by our antagonists, we begin to rethink about the question from other people’s point of view. And it is often from this different and multiple perspectives that we discover our true selves.

After a more thorough understanding of ourselves, we are further motivated by the opposition to change for better. When standing in other people’s shoes, we gradually realize our shortcomings and in order to win favorable comments next time, we will make great efforts to correct them or improve them. In this way, better results come out, and for ourselves, we have our mind sharpened with the process of thinking and rethinking.

Moreover, it needs a fairly open mind to accept opposed ideas and opinions, thus, when we are trying to listen to others, we are actually expanding our mind, we are leaving more space for a quality called democracy, and we are knocking off a bad addiction to despotic action. Generosity to our enemy means generosity to ourselves, because we can not only learn a lot from the opposing party, but also forge a strong sense of open-mindedness and democracy.

From all above, we can say it is true that “He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper.” When we face people who oppose us, we should not turn a blind eye to them but grab them as we grab treasure, for oppositions, though bitter at the beginning, bring invaluable benefits in the end.