4.翻译硕士考研英语模拟试题四

centigrade, held in the tank for half an hour and then pumped out and cooled. This was a slow process and required a very large plant, so scientists worked for many years to produce a simpler, more convenient method, with less large equipment.

The latest method, officially approved in Britain in 1949, is known as the high-temperature- short-time, or H.T.S.T. method. It has now almost entirely replaced the “holder” process. In the H.T.S.T. system, the milk flows continuously through many sections of thin stainless steel pipes, During the process, the milk is held at 72 degrees centigrade for at least 15 seconds then, as it cools, the heat is used, in part, to raise the temperature of the incoming milk in a device called a “wheat exchanger”.

Efficient pasteurization may reduce the bacteria in raw milk from, say, one million to only a few thousand per cubic centimeter. The bacteria left are chemically mostly of the inert type, that is, they either do not.

36. According to the passage, pasteurization refers to . A. the heat treatment of milk

B. heating liquid to 100 degrees centigrade

C. the heat treatment to destroy all the common bacteria

D. heating objects to a fixed temperature for a fixed time

37. How is it tested whether a milk pasteurization is efficient or not? A. By testing the heating temperature.

B. By testing the quantity of bacillus causing tuberculosis. C. By testing the time duration of heating

D. All of the above.

38. According to the passage, the new H.T.S.T. method differs from the “holder” process in A. higher rateo f bacteria destruction B. different temperature requirements C. the ease with which it is operated

D. the amount of energy preserved

39. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. Pasteurization process is named after a French scientist.

B. Tubercle bacillus accounts for the largest number among all germs in milk. C. Heating temperature may vary according to different processing methods.

D. Neither of the pasteurization methods mentioned in the passage can 100% reduce bacteria in raw milk.

40. The whole passage is organized by . A. comparing and contrasting two concepts B. relating the development of a technology C. defining a concept first and then explaining it

D. introducing a problem first and then giving its solution

Passage Three

If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York Times, or any established publication, I would have replied, without a second thought, “Of course not!” And not just because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor; anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not; it felt like joining the enemy.

But reviewing was fun, so much fun that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didn’t do the decent thing. Before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. “She’s joined the leisure class,” my friends said.

I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were trespassing on the playgrounds of the rich.

We didn’t belong in those starchy restaurants. We always got the worst table. And then, because I didn’t own a credit card, I had to pay in cash. The year turned into two, and three, and more. I got a credit card. I got good clothes. I was writing for increasingly prestigious publications. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, “How could you?”

When I receive weekly letters from people who think it is indecent to write about $100 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice yacks right along. “They’re absolutely right,” it whispers. And when it asks, “When are you going to grow up and get a real job?” it sounds a lot like my mother.

And just about then is when I tell the voice to shut up. Because when my mother starts telling me that all I’m doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat, I realize how much the world has changed.

Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me. But there are fewer and fewer of them. As American food has come of age, American restaurants have changed. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera; today, it is more like going the movies.

41. Why would the author have refused to accept the job as a restaurant critic if people had asked her then?

A. Because she was ambitious.

B. Because she didn’t think highly of the job.

C. Because she didn’t think well of the job as a cook. D. Because she didn’t want to criticize anyone.

42. The word “decent” in “doing the decent thing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. very profitable B. morally acceptable C. fairly attractive D. very pleasant

43. In Paragraph 4, by “The year turned into two, three and more,” the author means that ________.

A. she went on and on working in restaurants B. she lived a luxurious life for many years

C. she kept working for publications until she got a credit card D. she went on and on writing as a restaurant critic

44. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Most Americans can’t afford to eat out. B. American food has remained unchanged. C. Americans like going to the movies.

D. Food in most American restaurants is cheap.

45. Which of the following can be concluded from this article? A. Cooks are respected in the U.S. B. The author was once a cook.

C. Rich people like going to the theatre. D. Restaurant critics all feel guilty.

Passage Four

Despite their names, sarin and soman are exceptionally ugly sisters. They are organophosphorous nerve gases. They are cheap and simple to manufacture. And mere milligrams—just a drop—of either is enough to kill an adult in a couple of minutes. They therefore make particularly fine weapons of mass destruction, equally popular with rogue dictators who have not been able to build nuclear bombs and with weird cults such as Aum Shinrikyo, which gassed the Tokyo subway in 1995.

Detecting them soon enough to prevent their effects can be difficult. Even detecting them after the event—if you are, for example, a United Nations weapon inspector— can be haphazard. But help may be at hand. A paper in this month’s edition of Analytical Chemistry, by George Murray and his team at John Hopkins University’s Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Maryland, reports a new way of picking up minute qualities of the two gases without the risk of false alarms from legitimate organophosphorous compounds such as insecticides.

Dr Murray’s detector consists of a fiber-optic cable that has one end plugged into a laser and the other coated with a metal called europium. The laser generates blue light, and europium has the property of shining red when exposed to blue light of the correct wavelength—an effect that is exploited in many optical devices. But the metal possesses a second property that makes it uniquely suitable for Dr. Murray’s purpose: it reacts strongly with organophosphates, and when it does so, the wavelength of the light that is emitting changes perceptibly.

To stop his detector going off in response to the wrong signals such as insecticide on the flea collar of a dog, Dr Murray has resorted to a second trick. The europium is embedded in a plastic film that binds specifically to sarin or soman (they are very similar molecules), using special pockets called molecular imprints that have been chemically etched into it. The organophosphates commonly used as pesticides do not fit into these pockets; and so fail to react with the metal. The result is a detector that is both sensitive (it can pick up concentrations of as seven nerve-gas molecules in a trillion) and reasonable fast (it is able to sound the alarm within 30 seconds).

So far, Dr Murray has tested his device only on soman dissolved in water. This is mainly a safety measure, because water-borne nerve agents are easier to handle than those in gaseous form. But soman or sarin-contaminated water supplies are a real hazard in themselves—and not just in far-flung war zones. In America, for example, there are occasional leaks from military bases. The most recent was from Tooele Chemical Disposal Facility in Utah, one of the sites where the country’s chemical weapons stockpile is being destroyed. At the moment it would be hard to work out if any material from such a spill had found its way into the water supply until people started to become ill.

Dr Murray seems confident, however, that his technology will work just as well on sarin and saman gas, and has prepared “smart” cards coated with the mixture of europium and plastic to detect airborne nerve gases. Unfortunately, he does not, at the moment, have access to any place where the safety regulations will permit him to try them out. But if UN inspectors were ever allowed back into Iraq, he might have a chance.

46. In what situation can sarin and soman be extremely dangerous? 47. What is the function of Dr Murray’s device?

48. Which part of the detector is the decisive factor that enables it avoid to false alarm? 49. What is a special property of this device?

50. Make a summary of whole passage. (about 3or 4 sentences)

PART III WRITING (1×30=30 POINTS) The eighteenth-century British thinker Edmund Burke made the following observation about the benefits of opposition: “He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper.”

In your view, to what extent can we benefit from opposition to our ideas, or desires. Write an essay of about 400 words that defends challenges, or qualifies Burke’s statement about the benefits of opposition. You should present your argument with reasons and examples.

Please write your essay on your Answer Sheet.

参考答案及解析

PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

1.C virtually近乎，几乎；事实上。fantastically空想地。primarily首先；主要地；根本上。 2.D 四个选项中，只有put off后直接接名词。put me off the idea使我放弃打算。

3.D 句意：尽管生物钟各异，多数人从10点至中午都处于能产期，胃、胰腺、脾、心脏都

最活跃。despite of尽管。irrespective忽视的。irrelevant不相关的。disregard漠视。 4.A 句意：由于证人的陈词前后矛盾，该案件败诉。discrepancy差异，矛盾。conjugation

结合。coincidence同时发生的事。remonstration抗议，规劝。

5.C 句意：许多推迟看牙医的人后来都后悔了。defer延期，推迟。infer推断。confer授予，

赠与。

6.A 句意：工业时代规模最大、最残酷的战争是使德国和英国这些经历第二次高潮的国家

相互竞争的产业内斗争。pit...against...使竞争。clip猛击。allege(无证据地)宣称。embark着手，从事。

7.C 句意：我们昨天的确召开了一个会议，但你没必要参加，因此我们就没有通知你。need

此处用作实义动词，结构为need to do。选项B是虚拟语气结构，意为“本不需要参加，而实际上参加了”，与句意不符。 8.C what引导表语从句，并在句中作宾语。 9.D 句意：厂方试图与五个独立的工会达成协议，这就导致了长时间的谈判。reach agreement

with sb与某人达成协议。

10.B with sb. doing在句中作伴随状语。girls as well as boys作encourage的宾语，encourage

用被动形式be encouraged。

11.C deficiency短缺，尤指身体必需东西的缺乏。shortage缺少。insufficiency不足。defect

缺点，毛病。

12.C 句意：画家用鲜明的色彩表达出兴奋的感情。vibrant 颜色鲜明的，醒目的。vigorous

精力充沛的，有力的。drastic激烈的，猛烈的。strident声音刺耳的，尖锐的。 13.C 这里when作连词，引出实际的情况。

14.C misanthrope厌恶人类者。wanderer游荡、漫游的人。entertainer (娱乐节目的)表演者;

艺人。hater怀恨在心者。 15.C unwieldy笨重庞大的，不易移动的。overweight超重的。inept没有能力的；不恰当的。