轻型载重货车设计(转向系及前桥设计)(有cad图)

轻型载重货车设计(转向系及前桥设计)

摘 要

在本次毕业设计中，是关于轻型载货汽车的前桥及转向系统的设计。本着力争性能可靠，价优，易造的设计构想，同时也主要参照拖厂的同类车型，努力去改造，去创新。

转向从动桥是通过悬架和车相连，两侧安装着从动车轮，用以传递车架与车轮之间的各种力和力矩。汽车的转向系是利用转向节使车轮可以偏转一定角度以实现汽车的转向。汽车的转向系是用来改变或恢复汽车行驶方向的专设机构，在行驶中起到重要作用。主要可分为机械转向系，动力转向系和电动转向系。其中电动转向系是未来汽车转向系的发展方向。

综合各种因素，本次设计采用采用转向梯形机构布置在前轴之后的整体式车桥和采用了正效率很高，操纵方便且使用寿命长的机械式循环球式转向器。本次设计包括对转向从动桥结构形式的选择，主要是计算前轴、转向节、主销、主销上下轴承、转向节推力轴承或止推垫片等在制动和侧滑两种工况下的应力校核。还包括转向器的结构选择及其设计计算并对转向梯形进行优化设计。设计中水平有限，但希望能设计出一辆经济实用的轻型载货汽车。 关键词：运输车，前桥，主销，转向轴

I

THE DESIGNS OF THE STEERING SYSTEM AND FRONT AXLE IN OWN UNLOAD AGRICULTURE

TRUCK TO TRANSPORT OF KD1080

ABSTRACT

In this graduated designs, my assignment is the light truck’s front axle and steering system. I shall try my best to design my assignment,I want the light truck’s capacity is secure and the price is low. It is also easy to make,at the same time,I refer to the light truck which made in YT factory.I want to improve and innovate it.

Steering front axle connects the frame by suspension.Driven wheel are installed at the sides of the fore axle,which transmits kinds of forces and torques into the wheels. The steering knuckle link to the front axle causes the front wheels to turn to the right or left .The steering system enables the driver to guide the automobile or wheeled tractor down the road and turn ringht or left.It is very important for the truck.there are mannnual steering,power steering and electric power steering.The electric power steering system will be the direction in the future.

In view of all the factors,I adopt the ladder-shaped organization assigns after the front axle and very efficient that can be handled easily and had long performance life steering box of the circulation ball type. The design includes selection of the structure of the fore axle but most calculate the streys inspection under the break and the second slide of front axle ,steering knuckle inserts, king pin and ball bearing, thrust bearing and stop last spacer. Still include choosing and designing aslo calculating and carrying on optimization design ladder-shapedly of steering. The level is limited in the design, but I hope to design a economical and practical agricultural light truck. KEY WORDS: transporter, the front axle, king pin, steering shaft

II

主要符号表

量的名称

量的符号 单位

汽车前轴静载荷 汽车质心高度 转向阻力矩 接触应力

前轮承受的制动力

前轮承受的垂直力 垂向弯矩 水平弯矩

车轮所受的重力

前轮轮距

两钢板弹簧座中心距 转矩

轮胎的滚动半径 地面垂向反力 地面侧向反力 力偶矩

轴承的轴向载荷 轴承静承载容量

G1

hg

Mr σ

p?

Z1

M? Mh

gw

B S T

rr

Z Y Q

Fa C0r

3

N mm N.mm MPa

N

N N.mm N.mm

N

mm mm N.mm

mm N N N.mm

N KN

轴承当量静载荷

转向轴输入功率

转向器中的摩擦功率

效率

导程角 附着系数 P

0

p1

p2 ?

?0 ?

4

KN

Kw

Kw

rad