基于单片机的自动洗衣机控制系统的设计

基于单片机的自动洗衣机控制系统的设计

摘 要：洗衣机是现代人必备的日常生活家电，它的发明和应用使人们的洗衣工作变得省时又省力，很好地缓解了人们在家务劳动方面的压力。一般的数字逻辑电路控制的洗衣机只有两三个程序，也有一按通的傻瓜程序。而基于单片机控制的洗衣机可以复杂程序控制，将水位段细化，漂洗功能细化，加上适用不同衣物等功能，洗涤程序大大增加。

本次设计采用AT89C51单片机作为洗衣机控制系统的主控芯片，洗衣机的各种洗衣程序运行都在单片机的控制下，使得洗涤、漂洗、脱水等各种功能的操作都不需要手动。系统的硬件设计包括电源模块、谐振式水位监测模块、洗衣机LED显示、输出控制电路，软件设计包括主程序、内部定时中断服务程序、外部中断服务程序。 关键词：洗衣机；单片机；LED显示

- I

Design of Automatic Washing Machine Control System

Based on Single Chip Microcomputer

Abstract：The washing machine is the appliance in people’s daily life, its invention and application to the job gets time-saving, and relieves the pressure in the domestic labour. The digital logic to control circuit of the washing machine has only two or three programs, also has a fool according to the program. But the revivification of washing machine can control a large complex program, and can turn the water level and rinsing functions into tiny, because of its different functions in clothing, washing procedure increases significantly.

This design uses AT89C51 as the main control chip, all the programs of the washing machine are under the control of the CPU so that washing, rinsing and dehydration functions don’t need to be operated by manual. The hardware design of the system includes power module, water monitoring module, LED display and output controller, the software part is composed of the main procedure, timing services application and external services.

Keywords: Washing Machine; Single Chip Microcomputer; LED display

- II

目 录

1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 课题提出的目的及意义 ...................................................................................... 2 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................... 2 1.3 发展趋势 ................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 系统的工作流程 ................................................................................................... 4 1.5 主要研究内容 ........................................................................................................ 4 2 系统的整体方案设计 ...................................................................................................... 6

2.1 系统的整体构架 ................................................................................................... 6 2.2 系统技术方案 ........................................................................................................ 6 2.3 系统功能方案 ........................................................................................................ 6 3 系统的硬件设计 .............................................................................................................. 10

3.1 主控电路的设计 ................................................................................................. 10

3.1.1 关于AT89C51芯片 ............................................................................ 10 3.1.2 AT89C51图的引脚图及总线结构图 ................................................. 8 3.1.3 AT89C51外围辅助电路的设计 ........................................................ 10 3.2 各部分电路设计 ................................................................................................. 14

3.2.1 洗衣机控制器控制面板的设计 ....................................................... 10 3.2.2按键的内部连接 .................................................................................... 12 3.2.3 晶闸管驱动控制电路设计 ................................................................ 12 3.2.4 水位监测电路设计 .............................................................................. 14 3.2.5开关电源电路设计 ............................................................................... 16 3.2.6 键盘输入及显示电路设计 ................................................................ 17 3.2.7报警电路设计 ........................................................................................ 21 3.3 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 27 4 系统的软件设计 .............................................................................................................. 27

4.1 主程序 ................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 键盘中断子程序设计 ........................................................................................ 30

4.3 内部定时中断程序设计 .................................................................................... 32 4.4 外部中断设计 ...................................................................................................... 34 4.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 34 5 总结 .................................................................................................................................... 36 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................ 29 谢 辞 .................................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 附录Ⅰ自动洗衣机控制系统总程序 .............................................................................. 38 附录Ⅱ自动洗衣机控制系统总硬件连接图.........................................................49