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2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解
the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a
paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common
language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning to look at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internet came along. The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs w ere now coming into contact with it daily.
None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish)speak English well enough to carry on a conversation. That?s a lot more than those who can speak German (32% ) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don? t speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.
But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union?s non-English-speaking countries, 91 % of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn?t been all that traumatic, and it?s only going to get easier in the future.
24. In the author?s opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is ___.
A. American dominance in the Internet software business
B. a practical need for effective communication among Europeans C. Europeans? eagerness to do business with American businessmen D. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other
25. Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasons EXCEPT its ___. A. inherent linguistic properties B. association with the business world C. links with the United States D. disassociation from political changes
26. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future? A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English. B. U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe. C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English. D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language.
27. The passage mainly examines the factors related to ___. A. the rising status of English in Europe
B. English learning in non-English-speaking E. U. nations C. the preference for English by European businessmen
D. the switch from French to English in the European Commission
TEXT D
2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解
As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour.
At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.
This is an entirely new situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind?s struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.
A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.
The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.
Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.
As technology becomes ever more potent and nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.
For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a dichotomous mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.
Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a
north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between the higher echelons of the international political
structure and its grassroots level, between governments and NGOs, between state and civil society, between public and private enterprise.
The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the
Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.
On the other hand, the macro-world in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.
This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a new type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.
A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects
2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解
for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing the ozone hole, the
propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems.
There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to most citizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And se we have to hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring. Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization. 28. The mention of Man?s victory over Nature at the beginning of the passage is to highlight ___.
A. a new form of conflict B. Man?s creative powers
C. the role of modern technology D. Man?s ground-breaking work
29. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed international authority?
A. Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries.
B. Dealing with worldwide environmental issues. C. Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature. D. Authorizing efforts to improve human health.
30. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his ___. A. dissatisfaction B. disillusionment C. objection D. doubt
试卷二 (120 min)
Part Ⅳ Translation (60 min)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
The word “winner ”and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentic any by being credible, trustworthy, responsive,
and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.
Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining
2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷及答案详解
pretence and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.
Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and don?t pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them. Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.
Part Ⅴ Writing (60 min)
All of us would agree that in order to be successful in the present-day society, we university graduates have to possess certain personal qualities that can enable us to realize our aim. What do you think is the most important personal quality of a university graduate? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:
THE MOST IMPORTANT PERSONAL QUALITY OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Write your composition on ANSWER SHEET FOUR. 2002年英语专业八级考试答案详解 听力原文
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A TALK
The first area in American urban history extended from the early 17th century to about 1840. Throughout those years the total urban population remained small and so with the cities. At the first federal census in 1790, city dwellers made up nearly 5.1% of the total population and only two places had more than 25,000 inhabitants. Fifty years later only 10.8% of the national
population fell into the urban category and only one city, New York, contained more than 250,000 people. Largely because of the unsophisticated modes of transportation, even the more populous places in the early 19th century remained small enough that people could easily walk from one end of the city to the other in those days.
Though smaller in modern standards these walking cities, as it were, performed a variety of functions in those days. One was economic. Throughout the pre-modern era, this part of urban life remained so overwhelmingly commercial that almost every city owed its development to trade. Yet city dwellers concerned themselves not only with promoting agricultural activities in their own areas, they also collected and processed goods from these areas and distributed them to other cities. From the beginning line and increasingly in the 18th and early 19th centuries, cities served as centres of both commerce and simple manufacturing.
Apart from the economical functions, the early cities also had important non-economic
functions to play. Since libraries, museums, schools and colleges were built and needed people to
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